{"id":369040,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/litigation\/legal-system\/state-court-cases.html"},"modified":"2024-04-12T09:04:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T14:04:08","slug":"state-court-cases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/state-court-cases.html","title":{"rendered":"State Court Cases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">State Court Cases<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/samuel-strom-j-d\/\">Samuel Strom, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            April 12, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>State courts hear most civil and criminal cases, from personal injury and contract disputes to major felonies and speeding tickets. They also help people obtain marriage licenses and with the probate process, among other things. Generally, the only types of cases state courts don&#8217;t deal with are immigration, bankruptcy, patents, copyrights, and federal criminal cases.<\/p>\r\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s section on state court cases provides a general primer on state courts, as well as links to articles covering the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Determining a proper venue for your civil case<\/li>\r\n<li>Knowing the key differences between federal and state courts<\/li>\r\n<li>Learning other related information<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This section also provides information and links to state probate and family courts.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Differences Between Federal and State Courts<\/h2>\r\n<p>The main difference between&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/federal-or-state-court-subject-matter-jurisdiction.html\">federal and state courts is jurisdiction<\/a>. Jurisdiction refers to the types of cases a particular court can hear and decide.<\/p>\r\n<p>State courts generally have broader jurisdiction than federal courts. State trial courts are usually courts of general jurisdiction. This means they have the authority to hear most legal disputes that other courts can&#8217;t. For example, state courts generally can hear the following types of cases:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family.html\">Family law disputes<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal.html\">Criminal cases<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/classifications-of-crimes.html\">violations, felonies, and misdemeanors<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/traffic\/traffic-tickets.html\">Traffic tickets and violations<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Civil causes of action, like a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/contract-law.html\">breach of contract<\/a>&nbsp;or disputes involving&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/real-estate-and-real-property-law.html\">real property<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The jurisdiction of federal courts, on the other hand, is limited to cases specified by the United States Constitution and Congress. The types of cases that federal courts hear are as follows:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Cases involving&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/law-library\/maritime-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maritime<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/intellectual-property\/patent-law-how-do-i-secure-a-patent.html\">patent<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/intellectual-property\/what-is-copyright.html\/\">copyright<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration.html\">immigration<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy.html\">bankruptcy law<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Cases where the United States is a party<\/li>\r\n<li>Cases involving&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/us-federal-court-system.html\">violations of federal laws<\/a>&nbsp;or the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Constitution<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In addition, if a civil case involves a plaintiff and a defendant who are citizens of different states, and the amount in controversy is more than $75,000, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal court can hear it<\/a>. If both state and federal courts have jurisdiction, a plaintiff may choose to file their lawsuit in either court.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Determining Where to File Your Case: Venue<\/h2>\r\n<p>Although state court systems vary from state to state, they usually divide their cases based on their subject matter. Generally, state courts usually set up two sets of trial courts as follows:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Courts with limited jurisdiction<\/li>\r\n<li>Courts with general jurisdiction<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>As noted above, most trial courts are courts of general jurisdiction. Some states have created courts of limited jurisdiction. This means they can only hear cases within their specific jurisdiction. For example, in New York state, County Courts may only hear civil disputes that do not exceed $25,000. Other common courts of limited jurisdiction include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/family-laws.html\">Family law courts<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/probate-courts-laws.html\">Probate courts<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/traffic-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Traffic court<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court\/small-claims-court.html\">Small claims courts<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Courts with general jurisdiction hear cases that don&#8217;t fall within a limited jurisdiction category.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Court Systems<\/h2>\r\n<p>Each state has set up its own court system, which has led to variation between state court systems. Generally, you begin your case by filing a complaint at the trial court level. If you&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/appeal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeal&nbsp;<\/a>from the trial court, you likely will file it with an intermediate appellate court in your state. If you appeal from the appellate court, you will probably file the appeal with your state&#8217;s highest court, usually called a supreme court.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/us-federal-court-system.html\">file a case in federal court<\/a>, you&#8217;ll likely first file it in a U.S. District Court in your state. If you appeal, you&#8217;ll file your appeal with the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. If you appeal from the Court of Appeals, you must file a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/certiorari.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writ of certiorari<\/a>&nbsp;with the U.S. Supreme Court.<\/p>\r\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/court-directories.html\">Court Directories article<\/a>&nbsp;lists all 50 states&#8217; state and federal courts. The links provide information about court rules, court administration, and court forms. For more information, consider contacting the clerk&#8217;s office at your local courthouse. The court clerk can provide general case information and procedural help but can&#8217;t provide legal advice.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Hiring an Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>Some legal matters don&#8217;t necessarily require the help of an attorney. But it&#8217;s in your best interest to hire one if your matter involves \u2014 or potentially may involve \u2014 a trial.<\/p>\r\n<p>For instance, consider hiring a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>&nbsp;if the government charges you with a crime. The United States Constitution guarantees all defendants facing jail time the right to counsel. If defendants can&#8217;t afford an attorney, they can request that the court appoint one for free.<\/p>\r\n<p>Although civil cases don&#8217;t result in jail time, they can involve complex questions of fact and law and result in monetary loss. Usually, if you want to sue someone (or someone has sued you), hiring or at least contacting a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">litigation attorney<\/a>&nbsp;to discuss your case is worth the money.<\/p>\r\n<p>Overall, you should consult with an attorney whenever you have questions about legal matters. This could save you time, money, and trouble down the road.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n              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was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    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An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes during litigation.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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