{"id":369094,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:12","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/what-does-title-mean.html"},"modified":"2025-01-31T09:27:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T14:27:00","slug":"what-does-title-mean","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/what-does-title-mean.html","title":{"rendered":"What Does Title Mean?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Does Title Mean?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-mccall-j-d\/\">Melissa McCall, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/katrina-wilson-esq\/\">Katrina Wilson, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 31, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>In the context of real estate transactions, a title refers to ownership of real property. A title is not synonymous with a deed. A deed refers to a property owner&#8217;s right to claim a particular property.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The person who holds the title to a piece of property has legal ownership. They have the legal right to possess that piece of property.<\/p>\r\n<p>A defective title can result in problems establishing ownership. Title issues can complicate resale and impair an owner&#8217;s right to use their property.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article explores real property title and real property title insurance, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"#title\">What is a property title?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#real-estate\">Understanding title in real estate<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#insurance\">Title insurance<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#defects\">Title defects<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#protections\">Buyer&#8217;s protections against title defects<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><a id=\"title\"><\/a>What Is a Property Title?<\/h2>\r\n<p>A title is a legal concept of ownership rights \u2014 it\u2019s not a physical document. Whoever has the title to a property is the legal owner. If you hold title, you have rights to use and sell the property.<\/p>\r\n<p>So how can you possess a title if it isn\u2019t a document? Public records track titles. The public records contain the history of everything on the title going back to the original owners. Public records include property deeds, easements, and other factors affecting ownership rights.<\/p>\r\n<h3>How Are Property Deeds and Titles Different?<\/h3>\r\n<p>A title represents legal ownership rights, and a deed offers proof of those rights. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/what-are-property-deeds.html\">deed is a legal document<\/a> that records the transfer of ownership. It shows the property in question, the seller (grantor), and the buyer (grantee). The parties sign the deed.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are many <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/deed.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">types of deeds<\/a>, such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>General warranty deed<\/li>\r\n<li>Special warranty deed<\/li>\r\n<li>Quitclaim deed<\/li>\r\n<li>Beneficiary or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/transfer-on-death-beneficiary-for-property.html\">transfer-on-death deed<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The type of deed aligns with how the parties <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/selling-your-home\/transferring-property.html\">transfer ownership of a property<\/a>. The deed type affects the seller\u2019s liability and the buyer\u2019s protection. That\u2019s why it is important to understand both the deed and title during a real estate transaction.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, a parent might use a quitclaim deed to give the family home to their adult child. No money changes hands, but the adult child doesn\u2019t have the same buyer protections if something is wrong with the house title.<\/p>\r\n<h2><a id=\"real-estate\"><\/a>Understanding Title in Real Estate<\/h2>\r\n<p>In every real estate transaction, the buyer and lender should get a title report before closing. A title report will identify any obstructions to the property&#8217;s title.<\/p>\r\n<p>Title companies search public records to determine the rightful owner of a property. They perform a &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/title-search.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chain of title search<\/a>&quot; to confirm the property&#8217;s rightful owner. They then prepare reports based on that information. Title reports offer new owners peace of mind as they move forward with the real estate purchase.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Title Report<\/h3>\r\n<p>A title report should contain the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Ownership of the property<\/li>\r\n<li>The legal description of the property<\/li>\r\n<li>Any assessments on the property<\/li>\r\n<li>The existence of any covenants<\/li>\r\n<li>The existence of any encroachments<\/li>\r\n<li>The existence of any encumbrances<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Title searches are not infallible. Title searches protect purchasers from errors or defects discovered after the real estate transaction closes.<\/p>\r\n<h2><a id=\"insurance\"><\/a>Title Insurance<\/h2>\r\n<p>Title insurance purchased from a reputable title insurance company can help with any defect in the title. There are many different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/insurance\/title-insurance.html\">types of title insurance<\/a>. Buyers often get a title insurance policy to protect them if the title report is incorrect. Title insurance protects against any undisclosed defects in the title. A lender&#8217;s policy or loan policy covers the mortgage title.<\/p>\r\n<p>Title insurance helps remedy defects found after the real estate transaction has closed. Homeowners can purchase an owner&#8217;s policy, while mortgage lenders can buy a lender&#8217;s policy.<\/p>\r\n<p>An owner&#8217;s title insurance policy protects the new homeowner against defects in the title; a lender&#8217;s title insurance policy covers the mortgage loan lender. Often the borrower pays a one-time fee for the lender&#8217;s policy as part of the closing costs.<\/p>\r\n<p>Title insurance pays for the cost of remedying any defects.<\/p>\r\n<h2><a id=\"defects\"><\/a>Title Defects<\/h2>\r\n<p>It is possible to make mortgage payments on the property for years and yet need a clear title because the deed had a defect or was improperly recorded. Some title defects include past ownership claims, liens, and easements.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Past Ownership Claims<\/h3>\r\n<p>A past ownership claim may arise if missing heirs exist. This is common when the title isn&#8217;t transferred during the probate process.<\/p>\r\n<p>A past ownership claim may exist through&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/adverse-possession-continuous-trespassers-rights.html\">adverse possession<\/a>. Adverse possession occurs when a person solely maintains a piece of land for an extended period as if it is their own. Their control of the land must be evident to everyone around.<\/p>\r\n<p>In either instance, someone from the past could come back to claim title to the property.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Liens<\/h3>\r\n<p>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/lien.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lien<\/a>&nbsp;is an obligation on the title to satisfy a debt created through an agreement with the parties. A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html\">mechanic&#8217;s lien<\/a>&nbsp;ensures that a contractor who worked on the property gets paid. Other types of creditors can &quot;attach&quot; a lien to a property. This includes liens for unpaid taxes, child support, or surety on a loan.<\/p>\r\n<p>The sale of a property requires the satisfaction of the lien first.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>An&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/easement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">easement<\/a>&nbsp;is a right-of-way promise the original landowner or previous owner made with another party. One example of an easement is when a property owner gives a neighbor the right to use the field behind their house to access the woods.<\/p>\r\n<p>Ideally, the deed should include the promise through its inception and for every subsequent sale. Another way to establish an easement is through continuous conduct, which wasn&#8217;t reduced to writing. This is also known as an easement by prescription. Homeowners facing this issue should talk with a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate attorney<\/a>&nbsp;who can help you navigate local laws.<\/p>\r\n<h2><a id=\"protections\"><\/a>Buyer&#8217;s Protections Against Title Defects<\/h2>\r\n<p>Homeowners have several options to protect themselves against title defects.<\/p>\r\n<p>A title search during the home-buying process can miss some title problems. Title insurance can protect homeowners from financial issues resulting from undiscovered issues. The real estate agent can provide referrals for homeowners who want to purchase title insurance. Alternatively, the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alta.org\/education\/ntp.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&nbsp;American Land Title Association<\/a>&nbsp;offers a search feature for accredited title insurance companies.<\/p>\r\n<p>Another way to protect yourself from a title defect is to ask the seller for a warranty deed. In a warranty deed, the previous owner warrants that they have a clear title. This means the title is free of any encumbrances.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Still Have Questions? Get Help From an Expert<\/h2>\r\n<p>Title issues can impact the rights to real property and a person&#8217;s ability to sell it, creating significant financial losses. Since buying a home may be the largest purchase you make in your life, it&#8217;s important to make sure you&#8217;re doing everything possible to avoid problems down the road.<\/p>\r\n<p>An experienced local&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate attorney<\/a>&nbsp;can help you protect your interests. Speak to a local real estate attorney today.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                             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1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p 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<div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Many real estate processes can be handled on your own or with the help of a realtor\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some tenant or neighbor disputes may need the help of local police\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex real estate issues (such as construction defects or illegal landlord actions) may need the support of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Buying or selling a home, facing foreclosure, or mortgage loan issues can benefit from legal expertise. 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