{"id":369155,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:15","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/easement-basics.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T12:28:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T17:28:28","slug":"easement-basics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/easement-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"Easement Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Easement Basics<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">Chris Meyers, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 13, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>In real estate law, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/easements.html\"><u>an easement<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;is a property right that gives the easement holder a limited legal right in land owned by someone else. For example, you can give your local utility company an easement to install power lines on your property. The easement gives them the legal right to access your property but does not give them an ownership interest.<\/p>\r\n<p>This FindLaw article will provide information on how easements are created and the rights and remedies they provide.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Easements at a Glance<\/h2>\r\n<p>Private property easements are nonpossessory property interests. They allow the holder of the easement to have a right of way over the owner\u2019s private property.<\/p>\r\n<p>An easement doesn&#8217;t allow the easement holder to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Permanently occupy the land<\/li>\r\n<li>Exclude others from the land unless they interfere with the easement holder&#8217;s use<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In contrast, the property owner may continue to enjoy their real property. They may exclude everyone except the easement holder from the land.<\/p>\r\n<p>The land affected or burdened by an easement is called a servient estate or servient tenement. The land or person who benefitted from the easement is known as the dominant estate or dominant tenement. It is the responsibility of the dominant estate holder to maintain the easement.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the easement benefits a particular piece of land, it&#8217;s said to be appurtenant to the land. If the easement only benefits an individual, the easement is known as in gross. Easements in gross do not run with a person\u2019s land and thus do not pass to new owners in the future.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Types of Easements<\/h2>\r\n<p>Most types of easements are affirmative easements. This means that they allow the use of another&#8217;s land. Less common are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/affirmative-and-negative-easements.html\"><u>negative easements<\/u><\/a>, which usually involve preserving a person&#8217;s access to light or view. This is accomplished by limiting what can be done on a neighboring or nearby property.<\/p>\r\n<p>Easements may also fall under one of the following categories:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Prescriptive,<\/li>\r\n<li>Implied, or<\/li>\r\n<li>Express.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Prescriptive Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>Prescriptive easements are made over time when someone gains a right of way that is continuous. This can come up under<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/property-and-real-estate-laws\/adverse-possession.html\"><u> adverse possession<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Implied Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/express-and-implied-easements.html\">Implied easements<\/a> exist where it is reasonably necessary for neighboring properties to function as intended.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Express Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>Property owners create express easements through deeds or legal documents that set out the terms of the easement.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Public Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>Public easements benefit government interests for the public good. They include accommodation in private lands for public roads and utilities. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/easements-and-utility-companies.html\"><u>utility easements<\/u><\/a> allow utility companies to run plumbing and power lines through the private lands of homeowners.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are many categories of easements, each of which suits a different purpose. In general, private easements concern land use rights between two or more private parties.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Creating Easements<\/h2>\r\n<p>Easements are usually created by a transfer in a deed. They may also be made through written documents such as:<\/p>\r\n<p><ul>\r\n<li>Wills in estate planning<\/li>\r\n<li>Private contracts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Written Requirement<\/h3>\r\n<p>Except as provided above with respect to implied and prescriptive easements, creating an easement requires writing. The writing involves the same formalities as the transferring or creating of other interests in land. It often requires:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>A legal document that describes the property ownership<\/li>\r\n<li>The specific purpose of the easement and the affected use of the property line<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/how-to-find-a-notary.html#:~:text=A%20notary%20public%20(a%20%22notary,and%20perform%20other%20official%20functions.\" style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><u>Notarized signatures<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem;\"> in most states<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li>Proper recording at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/what-are-property-deeds.html#record-deed\" style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><u>county clerk&#8217;s office or register of deeds<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem;\">&nbsp;where the property is located<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Like liens, recorded easements will show up during a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/title-search.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>title search<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Court-Ordered Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>In limited cases, a court will create an easement by implying its existence based on the circumstances. Two common easements created by implication are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Easements of necessity<\/li>\r\n<li>Easements implied from quasi-easements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Easements of Necessity<\/h3>\r\n<p>Easements of necessity are often implied to give access to a landlocked piece of property. Easements implied from quasi-easements are based on a landowner&#8217;s prior use of part of their property for the benefit of another portion of their land.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Alternative Methods of Creating Easements<\/h3>\r\n<p>Other methods of establishing easements include, but are not limited to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/prescriptive-easements.html\" style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><u>Prescriptive use<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem;\">&nbsp;(the routine, adverse use of another&#8217;s land)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li>Easement by <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/estoppel.html\" style=\"font-size: 0.8125rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>estoppel<\/u><\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Easement by custom<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Rights and Remedies Under an Easement<\/h2>\r\n<p>As a general rule, an easement holder has the right to do whatever is reasonably convenient or necessary to fully enjoy the easement granted, as long as it does not place an unreasonable burden on the servient land.<\/p>\r\n<p>The owner of the servient land may make any use of that land that does not unduly interfere with the easement holder&#8217;s use of the easement. What constitutes an undue burden depends on the facts of each individual situation.<\/p>\r\n<p>If a court determines that a servient estate is unduly burdened by unreasonable use of the easement, the owner has several potential legal remedies. These include court orders:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Restricting the dominant owner to an appropriate enjoyment of the easement<\/li>\r\n<li>Monetary damages when the easement holder exceeds the scope of their rights and damages the servient estate<\/li>\r\n<li>In some cases, termination of the easement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Likewise, remedies exist for interference by the servient owner. Interference with an easement is a form of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/trespassing.html\"><u>trespass<\/u><\/a>, and courts frequently order the removal of an obstruction to an easement.<\/p>\r\n<p>If interference with an easement causes a reduction in the property value of the dominant estate, courts may also award <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html#:~:text=Compensatory%20damage%20is%20designed%20to,resulting%20from%20the%20defendant&#039;s%20actions.\"><u>compensatory damages<\/u><\/a> to the easement holder.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Transferability<\/h2>\r\n<p>In general, an easement appurtenant is transferred with the dominant property. This occurs even if transferability isn\u2019t mentioned in the legal document. The document transferring the dominant estate may expressly provide that the easement shall not pass with the land. This may or may not be enforceable depending on the terms of the original easement and local laws.<\/p>\r\n<p>Because easements in gross are treated as a right of personal enjoyment for the original holder, they are generally not transferable. However, several states have enacted statutes designed to facilitate the transfer of easements in gross. The transfer of easements in gross may be permitted for commercial uses such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Telephones<\/li>\r\n<li>Pipelines<\/li>\r\n<li>Transmission lines<\/li>\r\n<li>Railroads<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Termination of Easements<\/h2>\r\n<p>Courts assume easements are created to last forever unless otherwise indicated in the document creating the easement. Despite this, an individual granting an easement should avoid any potential problems by providing that the easement is permanent.<\/p>\r\n<p>Although permanent easements are the norm, they&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/use-and-termination-of-easements.html\"><u>can end<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;in a number of ways. These include:<\/p>\r\n<h3>Easements of Limited Duration<\/h3>\r\n<p>Easements of a limited duration used to provide temporary access to a dominant estate will be terminated upon the completion of construction work.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Purchasing Servient Estate<\/h3>\r\n<p>An easement may be terminated when an individual owning the dominant estate purchases the servient estate.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Easement Holder Release<\/h3>\r\n<p>An easement terminates when the holder of an easement releases their right in the easement (in writing) to the owner of the servient estate.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Abandonment<\/h3>\r\n<p>As a general rule, not using an easement doesn&#8217;t constitute abandonment.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Misuse or Sale of a Servient Estate<\/h3>\r\n<p>It&#8217;s uncommon, but either of these may terminate an easement.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Condemnation<\/h3>\r\n<p>Condemnation of an easement by a public authority can also terminate it. This means the government can step in to end the easement as long as it is permissible under the law.<\/p>\r\n<p>For instance, suppose a state condemns a servient estate because of health safety concerns. The land may no longer be accessible, given the priority of public health. This is for a purpose that conflicts with an easement that would otherwise allow access to that property. In this case, government action will terminate the existing easement.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help<\/h2>\r\n<p>The prevalence of easements and their nonpossessory nature creates a unique set of considerations. These considerations apply when creating, interpreting, and implementing an easement. It&#8217;s essential to have a basic understanding of the way easements are created while considering their scope, transferability, and termination.<\/p>\r\n<p>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>real estate attorney<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;with easement experience can help set you on the right path.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                            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<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An easement gives someone an interest in land that is owned by someone else. Learn about negative easements, express easements, prescriptive use, and much more at FindLaw.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":369149,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2741],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-369155","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-realestate"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=369155"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369155\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=369155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=369155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=369155"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=369155"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=369155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}