{"id":369376,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/cc-r-basics.html"},"modified":"2023-11-29T11:42:44","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T16:42:44","slug":"cc-r-basics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/cc-r-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"CC&#038;R Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">CC&amp;R Basics<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/aisha-success-esq\/\">Aisha Success, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 29, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>In the context of residential neighborhoods, covenants are a set of rules. They govern how real property is used. Covenants also refer to promises or other governing clauses in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/deed.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deeds<\/a>.&nbsp;For example, different types of covenants are recorded on a property deed:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Restrictive covenants (negative covenants) place conditions on the use of land. Like&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/homeowners-association-basics.html\">HOA rules<\/a>, they may prohibit renovations, certain paint colors, or landscaping.<\/li>\r\n<li>Affirmative covenants can require owners to take specific action. This includes paying for common areas or insurance expenses.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>A property owner &quot;covenants&quot; or agrees to follow certain restrictions on how the land is used. Such&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/ccrs.html\">covenants are promises<\/a>&nbsp;made by a purchaser as a condition of a real estate transaction. Subsequent owners&#8217; use of the property will usually be governed by these deed restrictions.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Legal Effect of Covenants<\/h2>\r\n<p>A real covenant runs with the land and is usually recorded in writing. That means it is a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/binding.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">binding legal document<\/a>&nbsp;against all future owners. By contrast, a personal covenant is between private parties, such as a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/grantor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grantor&nbsp;<\/a>and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/grantee.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grantee&nbsp;<\/a>of property. They may sign a contract that gives them&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/privity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">privity<\/a>&nbsp;(a direct relationship). If neighbors sign a covenant privately, only the people who sign it are required to follow it.<\/p>\r\n<p>The disclaimer is that some covenants are unenforceable as a matter of property law or public policy. For example, real covenants that limit occupancy on the basis of national origin are illegal. A covenant cannot violate local, state, or federal laws.<\/p>\r\n<p>Keep in mind that covenants have a separate legal effect from easements. While covenants dictate use of land,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/easements.html\">easements<\/a>&nbsp;create a right of way over land or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/plat.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plat<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>When Covenants Are Used<\/h2>\r\n<p>Covenants attempt to&nbsp;benefit all residential owners and their neighbors in:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Most&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/homeowners-association-basics.html\">planned communities<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Subdivisions of homes built by a particular builder<\/li>\r\n<li>Closed or gated residential areas<\/li>\r\n<li>Condominium associations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Neighborhoods with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/creation-and-termination-of-cc-rs.html\">properly drafted and enforced covenants<\/a>&nbsp;have been shown to retain property value better than those with poorly enforced restrictions. Neighborhoods that follow these bylaws tend to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Be safer<\/li>\r\n<li>Look better<\/li>\r\n<li>Maintain better relationships with local governments<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>They also better retain or increase the investments that homeowners have made in their properties.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Covenants vs. Zoning Laws<\/h2>\r\n<p>Covenants differ from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/zoning.html\">zoning ordinances<\/a>&nbsp;in the following ways:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Covenants are agreements between private parties. Zoning laws dictate the relationship between governmental entities and homeowners.<\/li>\r\n<li>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/home-owners-associations.html\">homeowners association<\/a>&nbsp;or a single homeowner can enforce a covenant against another homeowner. A city or county enforces a zoning ordinance against a private citizen.<\/li>\r\n<li>Zoning ordinances are rules and regulations recorded as local laws on the books. That means they are codified laws. By contrast, covenants are recorded in private deeds.<\/li>\r\n<li>Covenants are voluntary because a property purchaser can choose different property. Thus, covenants may be more restrictive than zoning ordinances.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>What Are&nbsp;CC&amp;Rs?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Covenants are often referred to as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/types-of-cc-rs-builders-restrictions.html\">covenants, conditions, and restrictions<\/a>,&nbsp;or CC&amp;Rs. This is a term commonly found in real estate documents. Most covenants involve some kind of condition or restriction placed upon the buyer.<\/p>\r\n<p>The collective term&nbsp;CC&amp;Rs&nbsp;has been more widely used in recent years. This is done to indicate the existence or future existence of limitations associated with the use of the land. Purchasers of real estate may request CC&amp;Rs as a part of a seller&#8217;s disclosure prior to closing a transaction.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Advice for Home Buyers<\/h2>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home.html\">Home buyers<\/a>&nbsp;may be charmed by the appearance of a house for sale, but they might fail to take the time to read the CC&amp;Rs that come with the property. They are so pleased with a nice kitchen or a fenced-in backyard that they sign a purchase agreement quickly. They make this decision without realizing that existing CC&amp;Rs may prevent them from:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Keeping their boat or truck on the property<\/li>\r\n<li>Erecting a basketball hoop in the driveway<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>If you are using a real estate agent, be sure to request copies of any documents associated with the use or restrictions of the land you intend to purchase.<\/p>\r\n<p>Often, title companies will not have copies of the CC&amp;Rs affecting the property until the day of closing. They are often overlooked at that point. The title insurance company may require&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/insurance\/insurance-endorsements.html#:~:text=In%20insurance%20terms%2C%20an%20%22endorsement,the%20policy%20in%20some%20way.\">additional endorsements<\/a>, at an extra cost, to your title insurance policy.<\/p>\r\n<p>You should note that CC&amp;Rs are binding upon the buyer, whether or not they have been reviewed, read, or understood. The general rule of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/notice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">constructive notice<\/a>&nbsp;applies in these cases. Thus, you should always review all the CC&amp;Rs&nbsp;and zoning laws&nbsp;affecting the property before signing a real estate contract.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Cut Through the CC&amp;R Confusion: Consider Working With a Lawyer<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you plan to buy property in a planned community or condominium, beware. Certain actions are either required or prohibited through CC&amp;Rs. If you violate a covenant, you may be liable in a legal action brought against you. It may be best to seek the legal advice of a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate attorney<\/a>&nbsp;to help set your mind at ease.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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<span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Many real estate processes can be handled on your own or with the help of a realtor\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some tenant or neighbor disputes may need the help of local police\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex real estate issues (such as construction defects or illegal landlord actions) may need the support of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Buying or selling a home, facing foreclosure, or mortgage loan issues can benefit from legal expertise. An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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