{"id":369378,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:24","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/ccrs.html"},"modified":"2023-11-30T16:47:06","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T21:47:06","slug":"ccrs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/ccrs.html","title":{"rendered":"Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/aisha-success-esq\/\">Aisha Success, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 30, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Covenants, conditions, and restrictions (&quot;CC&amp;Rs&quot;) are governing documents. Many &quot;common interest&quot; developments, including condominiums, neighborhoods, and co-ops, use them. They regulate the use, appearance, and maintenance of property.<\/p>\r\n<p>CC&amp;Rs are commonly drafted and enforced through&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/home-owners-associations.html\">homeowners&#8217; associations<\/a>&nbsp;(HOAs). They often restrict what homeowners can do on their property. For example, some CC&amp;Rs:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Regulate landscaping in common areas<\/li>\r\n<li>Don&#8217;t allow homeowners to hang their laundry out to dry<\/li>\r\n<li>Set lawn maintenance standards<\/li>\r\n<li>Limit paint colors and ban certain home additions or major changes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This section provides practical and legal information on CC&amp;Rs to help you understand what you can and can&#8217;t do with a property.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Is a Covenant?<\/h2>\r\n<p>In the context of residential neighborhoods, a &quot;covenant&quot; is a rule that governs the use of real property. It also refers to an agreement to abide by rules. The more inclusive term, &quot;covenants, conditions, and restrictions&quot; (or CC&amp;Rs), is typically used in real estate documents.<\/p>\r\n<p>Legally, a properly recorded covenant (technically, a &quot;restrictive covenant&quot;) is:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/binding.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Binding<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/enforceable.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enforceable<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Runs with the land<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Sometimes, covenants are not part of a recorded declaration of conditions and restrictions. Instead, property owners who are neighbors sign them. In this case, they are still binding, and those who breach them may face litigation.<\/p>\r\n<p>To ensure a certain level of order and uniformity, covenants are most often used in planned communities such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Common interest developments<\/li>\r\n<li>Gated communities<\/li>\r\n<li>Condominiums<\/li>\r\n<li>Housing cooperatives<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The standards enforced through covenants often help the homes in the neighborhood keep their property value. This is because they encourage homebuyers to keep their properties well-maintained. Homeowners often welcome these standards since they typically address things like:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Excessive noise<\/li>\r\n<li>Lawn maintenance<\/li>\r\n<li>Other things that impact homeownership quality of life<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>An association&#8217;s board of directors can issue notifications to homeowners to enforce CC&amp;Rs and bylaws.<\/p>\r\n<h2>CC&amp;R Enforcement<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you are subject to covenants or CC&amp;Rs, your HOA or neighbor association will also have procedures in place for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>How to enforce these rules<\/li>\r\n<li>Accommodate exemptions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Typically, a violation will result in a warning (via a written notice to the homeowner) or a fine. But if an alleged breach doesn&#8217;t get resolved, the association may bring legal action against a homeowner. Courts must ensure that there is a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/will-your-contract-be-enforced-under-the-law.html\">binding contract<\/a>&nbsp;among the parties before they will get involved.<\/p>\r\n<p>If deed restrictions violate state law, a court will reject the property management&#8217;s attempt to enforce them. For example, the law might limit the amount of a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/special-assessment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">special assessment fee<\/a>. An HOA might try to enforce an oversized fee illegally against a single-family property. Here, a court will disallow enforcement of a fee that violates the law.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Variances<\/h2>\r\n<p>Sometimes, asking the association for an exemption to, or &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/variance.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">variance<\/a>&quot; from, an existing covenant is reasonable. A variance is official permission to stray from the requirements of the covenant. It is typically granted when enforcement would cause undue hardship for the homeowner. For instance, a vision-impaired resident may need extra outdoor lighting that exceeds the covenant allows.<\/p>\r\n<p>Association hearings deal with requests for variances. Other residents get notices so they can challenge requests. For example, a neighbor adversely affected by extra outdoor lighting may wish to voice concern.<\/p>\r\n<h2>View Restrictions<\/h2>\r\n<p>The view from the property is often a factor in its value. For instance, a home offering&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/neighbors\/view-ordinances.html\">views<\/a>&nbsp;of a tree-lined valley will have more value than the same home with a view of a power plant. So, neighborhoods with CC&amp;Rs sometimes address this by restricting the location and size of:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Fences<\/li>\r\n<li>Trees<\/li>\r\n<li>Buildings<\/li>\r\n<li>Other possible obstructions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>If you have a question about your property&#8217;s covenant, condition, or restriction, get legal advice from a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                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                          stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n            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