{"id":371387,"date":"2016-10-11T18:51:47","date_gmt":"2016-10-11T23:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/alabama-law\/pain-and-suffering-damages-in-alabama.html"},"modified":"2025-01-02T15:58:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T20:58:27","slug":"pain-and-suffering-damages-in-alabama","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/alabama-law\/pain-and-suffering-damages-in-alabama.html","title":{"rendered":"Pain and Suffering Damages in Alabama"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Pain and Suffering Damages in Alabama<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 02, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Alabama personal injury laws allow accident and medical malpractice victims to sue for expenses other than medical expenses and legal costs. Victims experience <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/car-accident-pain-and-suffering-damages.html\">pain and suffering<\/a>, emotional distress, and disability due to their accidents. They can get compensation for these injuries.<\/p>\r\n<p>A personal injury attorney includes non-economic damages and punitive damages when filing a claim. Alabama law has limits (known as caps) for these damages and statutes of limitation. This article reviews some of these laws and limits on damages.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Non-Economic Damages<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Compensatory damages<\/b> pay for all injuries that follow an accident. These include monetary losses like medical bills and lost income and non-monetary injuries like pain and suffering. Alabama categorizes all compensatory damages as &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-6-civil-practice\/al-code-sect-6-11-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">past, future, or punitive<\/a>&quot; damages. Non-economic damages may fall into any of these categories.<\/p>\r\n<p><b>Non-economic damages<\/b> are also called &quot;mental anguish&quot; damages. They compensate victims for the physical pain and the emotional toll an accident inflicts on their lives. Courts may find it difficult to put a dollar amount on these damages, so they&#8217;re called &quot;non-economic.&quot; Typical non-economic damages in a personal injury claim include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Pain and suffering<\/li>\r\n<li>Loss of enjoyment of life<\/li>\r\n<li>Emotional distress<\/li>\r\n<li>Loss of consortium and companionship<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>Punitive damages<\/b> punish the defendant. Courts rarely award punitive damages in personal injury cases. Courts may award <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-6-civil-practice\/al-code-sect-6-11-21.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">punitive damages<\/a> according to state statute if the defendant acted intentionally or maliciously.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Types of Damages and Limits on Actions<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Alabama has no caps on compensatory damages (both economic and non-economic) in personal injury cases. Courts calculate non-economic damages using either a per diem (per day) method or a multiplier method.<\/p>\r\n<p>Alabama does not have compensatory damage recovery for wrongful death. Survivors can only recover punitive damages (Ala. Code \u00a7 6-11-21(j)). Wrongful death claims have a two-year statute of limitations (<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-6-civil-practice\/al-code-sect-6-2-38.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ala. Stat. \u00a7 6-2-38<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n<p>Alabama&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-6-civil-practice\/al-code-sect-6-5-544.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice<\/a> laws are complex. Alabama&#8217;s laws specifically allow pain and suffering recovery in medical malpractice lawsuits. In these cases, there is a statutory damage cap of $400,000 on non-economic recovery. In 1991, the Alabama Supreme Court said that damage caps were unconstitutional (<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=1952410041337386469&amp;q=Moore+v.+Mobile+Infirmary+Ass%E2%80%99n,+1991&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2006&amp;as_vis=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Moore v. Mobile Infirmary Association<\/i><\/a> 592 So. 2d 156 \u2014 Ala: Supreme Court) and has refused to rehear challenges. But the laws have not been rewritten.<\/p>\r\n<p>Plaintiffs in medical malpractice cases should consult a personal injury lawyer specializing in medical malpractice. The <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-6-civil-practice\/al-code-sect-6-5-482.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statute of limitations<\/a> for these cases is two years.<\/p>\r\n<p>Non-economic damages are unavailable for worker&#8217;s compensation or product liability claims.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Contributory Negligence<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Alabama is one of the few states that employs the strict traditional <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/alabama-law\/alabama-negligence-laws.html\">contributory negligence<\/a> rule. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/contributory-and-comparative-negligence.html\">Contributory negligence<\/a> bars the injured party from any recovery if the injured party is at fault.<\/p>\r\n<p>Contributory negligence is an issue in car accidents and other personal injury lawsuits. This is because most accidents have multiple causes. Victims should never discuss their accidents with insurance adjusters or others on the scene before speaking with a personal injury lawyer.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Get Legal Advice from an Alabama Personal Injury Lawyer<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>If you&#8217;re the victim of a serious accident that left you with emotional pain and physical injuries, you&#8217;re entitled to fair compensation for both. Get legal advice from an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/alabama\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alabama personal injury attorney<\/a> at once.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n         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