{"id":372202,"date":"2016-03-31T21:34:46","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/criminal-laws\/kidnapping.html"},"modified":"2025-11-13T08:11:16","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T13:11:16","slug":"kidnapping","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/kidnapping.html","title":{"rendered":"State Kidnapping Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><div\n    data-testid=\"fl-general-title\"\n    class=\"fl-general-title fl-flex fl-gap20 fl-items-end\"\n>\n    <div class=\"fl-general-title-heading fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n        <h1\n            class=\"fl-h1 fl-general-title-title fl-no-spacing\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-title\"\n        >\n            State Kidnapping Laws\n        <\/h1>\n        <p\n            class=\"fl-general-title-description fl-text-xl fl-no-margin\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-description\"\n        >\n            Learn about your state&#8217;s laws by using the links below.\n        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 13, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside from homicide, kidnapping is one of the most serious crimes that can be committed. Some states recognize both the <span data-term-id=\"40967676\">crime of kidnapping<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"40967674\">aggravated kidnapping<\/span>. Many states have laws differentiating between <span data-term-id=\"40967663\">first-degree<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"40967666\">second-degree<\/span> kidnapping.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll examine and explain the elements of the <span data-term-id=\"40967676\">crime of kidnapping<\/span>, as well as the defenses and penalties associated with it. If you&#8217;re facing <span data-term-id=\"40967706\">criminal charges<\/span>, consult a local <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967682\">criminal defense<\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967682\"> attorney<\/span><\/a> as soon as possible. Working with an experienced legal advocate can help you protect your rights and achieve a better outcome.<\/p>\n<h2>State-Specific <span data-term-id=\"40967698\">Kidnapping Statutes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Select a state from the list below to access state-specific definitions and statutes for kidnapping, including in-depth overviews of select states&#8217; <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/kidnapping.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967684\">kidnapping offenses<\/span><\/a>, penalties, and related information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"categoryContainer container responsivegrid\">\n    \n    <div class=\"grid category-container-grid\">\n            <div class=\"g-col-12 g-col-md-6\">\n        <ul class=\"nav-links fl-list-style-none fl-no-margin-horizontal\">\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Alabama\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/al\/title-13a-criminal-code\/al-code-sect-13a-6-43\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Alabama\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Alaska\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ak\/title-11-criminal-law\/ak-st-sect-11-41-300\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Alaska\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Arizona\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/arizona-law\/arizona-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Arizona\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Arkansas\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ar\/title-5-criminal-offenses\/ar-code-sect-5-11-102\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Arkansas\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"California\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/california-law\/california-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                California\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Colorado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/colorado-law\/colorado-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Colorado\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Connecticut\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/connecticut-law\/connecticut-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Connecticut\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Delaware\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/de\/title-11-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/de-code-sect-11-783a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Delaware\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"District&#x20;of&#x20;Columbia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/dc-law\/district-of-columbia-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                District&#x20;of&#x20;Columbia\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Florida\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/florida-law\/florida-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Florida\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Georgia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/kidnapping.html\">\n                                Georgia\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Hawaii\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/hi\/division-5-crimes-and-criminal-proceedings\/hi-rev-st-sect-707-720\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Hawaii\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Idaho\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/id\/title-18-crimes-and-punishments\/id-st-sect-18-4501\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Idaho\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Illinois\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/illinois-law\/illinois-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Illinois\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Indiana\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/indiana-law\/indiana-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Indiana\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Iowa\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ia\/title-xvi-criminal-law-and-procedure-chs-687-916\/ia-code-sect-710-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Iowa\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Kansas\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ks\/chapter-21-crimes-and-punishments\/ks-st-sect-21-5408\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Kansas\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Kentucky\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ky\/title-l-kentucky-penal-code\/ky-rev-st-sect-509-040\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Kentucky\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Louisiana\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/la\/revised-statutes\/la-rev-stat-tit-14-sect-44\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Louisiana\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Maine\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/me\/title-17-a-maine-criminal-code\/me-rev-st-tit-17-a-sect-301.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Maine\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Maryland\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/me\/title-17-a-maine-criminal-code\/me-rev-st-tit-17-a-sect-301.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Maryland\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Massachusetts\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/massachusetts-law\/massachusetts-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Massachusetts\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Michigan\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/michigan-law\/michigan-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Michigan\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Minnesota\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/minnesota-law\/minnesota-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Minnesota\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Mississippi\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ms\/title-97-crimes\/ms-code-sect-97-3-53\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Mississippi\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Missouri\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Missouri\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"g-col-12 g-col-md-6\">\n        <ul class=\"nav-links fl-list-style-none fl-no-margin-horizontal\">\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Montana\" href=\"http:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/mca_toc\/45_5_3.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Montana\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Nebraska\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ne\/chapter-28-crimes-and-punishments\/ne-rev-st-sect-28-313\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Nebraska\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Nevada\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nv\/title-15-crimes-and-punishments\/nv-rev-st-200-310\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Nevada\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"New&#x20;Hampshire\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gencourt.state.nh.us\/rsa\/html\/LXII\/633\/633-1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                New&#x20;Hampshire\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"New&#x20;Jersey\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-jersey-law\/new-jersey-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                New&#x20;Jersey\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"New&#x20;Mexico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/kidnapping.html\">\n                                New&#x20;Mexico\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"New&#x20;York\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                New&#x20;York\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"North&#x20;Carolina\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/north-carolina-law\/north-carolina-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                North&#x20;Carolina\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"North&#x20;Dakota\" href=\"http:\/\/www.legis.nd.gov\/cencode\/t12-1c18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                North&#x20;Dakota\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Ohio\" href=\"http:\/\/codes.ohio.gov\/orc\/2905.01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Ohio\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Oklahoma\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oscn.net\/applications\/OCISWeb\/deliverdocument.asp?citeID=69325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Oklahoma\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Oregon\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/or\/title-16-crimes-and-punishments\/or-rev-st-sect-163-225\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Oregon\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Pennsylvania\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/pennsylvania-law\/pennsylvania-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Pennsylvania\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Rhode&#x20;Island\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ri\/title-11-criminal-offenses\/ri-gen-laws-sect-11-26-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Rhode&#x20;Island\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"South&#x20;Carolina\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scstatehouse.gov\/code\/t16c003.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                South&#x20;Carolina\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"South&#x20;Dakota\" href=\"https:\/\/sdlegislature.gov\/Statutes\/22-19-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                South&#x20;Dakota\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Tennessee\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/tennessee-law\/tennessee-kidnapping-law.html\">\n                                Tennessee\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Texas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Texas\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Utah\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ut\/title-76-utah-criminal-code\/ut-code-sect-76-5-301.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Utah\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Vermont\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/vt\/title-13-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/vt-st-tit-13-sect-2405\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Vermont\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Virginia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Virginia\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Washington\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/washington-law\/washington-kidnapping-laws.html\">\n                                Washington\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"West&#x20;Virginia\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wv\/chapter-61-crimes-and-their-punishment\/wv-code-sect-61-2-14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                West&#x20;Virginia\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Wisconsin\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wi\/crimes-ch-938-to-951\/wi-st-940-31\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Wisconsin\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                                                                        <a title=\"Wyoming\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wy\/title-6-crimes-and-offenses\/wy-st-sect-6-2-202\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                                Wyoming\n                            <\/a>\n                                                            <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2>How Serious a Crime is Kidnapping?<\/h2>\n<p>In most jurisdictions, <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/kidnapping.html\">kidnapping is a serious felony<\/a> and carries very severe penalties. The severity of the charge and its penalty often depends on the presence of specific aggravating factors. Prosecutors may pursue a more serious charge if the circumstances of the crime were particularly dangerous or heinous.<\/p>\n<p>Common aggravating factors that can increase kidnapping penalties to the highest level include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The offender uses or brandishes a <span data-term-id=\"40967678\">deadly weapon<\/span><\/li>\n<li>The abductor demands a ransom for the victim\u2019s release<\/li>\n<li>The victim suffers serious bodily harm<\/li>\n<li>The victim is under a certain age (typically 13 or 14)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each state has different statutes for <span data-term-id=\"40967665\">kidnapping charges<\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/penal-code\/penal-sect-20-03\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The base charge of kidnapping<\/a> under <span data-term-id=\"40967703\">Texas law<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"40967691\">third-degree felony<\/span>, carrying a penalty of two to 10 years in prison. If the kidnapping involves aggravating factors, such as using a weapon or injuring the victim, the crime is elevated to <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/penal-code\/penal-sect-20-04\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967674\">aggravated kidnapping<\/span><\/a>. This more serious <span data-term-id=\"40967707\">first-degree<\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967707\"> felony<\/span> carries a potential penalty of <span data-term-id=\"40967710\">life imprisonment<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This tiered approach is common in <span data-term-id=\"40967673\">state law<\/span> across the country, ensuring that the most dangerous offenders face the most severe consequences. Kidnapping can also be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/kidnapping.html#:~:text=Federal%20Kidnapping%20Laws\">charged as a <span data-term-id=\"40967705\">federal crime<\/span><\/a> in some situations.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"40967675\">Parental Kidnapping<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not all kidnapping cases involve strangers. Some kidnapping cases involve parents who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/custody-problems.html\">violate <span data-term-id=\"40967692\">child custody<\/span> orders<\/a> or non-<span data-term-id=\"40967709\">custodial parents<\/span> who refuse to return a child after visitation. <span data-term-id=\"40967675\">Parental kidnapping<\/span> is almost always a felony, but some states treat it as a \u201cwobbler\u201d offense that can be either a <span data-term-id=\"40967671\">misdemeanor<\/span> or a felony depending on the facts of the case.<\/p>\n<p>In <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/penal-code\/pen-sect-278-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967693\">California<\/span><\/a>, for example, a person who commits a parental abduction can face a felony charge punishable by up to three years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. If charged as a <span data-term-id=\"40967671\">misdemeanor<\/span>, the penalty is up to one year in county jail.<\/p>\n<p>To convict a parent of <span data-term-id=\"40967665\">kidnapping charges<\/span>, a prosecutor typically must prove the parent acted with malicious intent and did at least one of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Took, enticed away, or concealed a child in violation of a custody order<\/li>\n<li>Refused to return a child to the legal guardian after a lawful visitation period ended<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/child-custody-relocation-laws.html\">Relocated<\/a> with the child without the other parent&#8217;s consent or in violation of a <span data-term-id=\"40967669\">court order<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It makes it easier to convict if <span data-term-id=\"40967668\">law enforcement<\/span> was involved in securing the return of the child.<\/p>\n<h2>Possible Defenses Against <span data-term-id=\"40967665\">Kidnapping Charges<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As with any other crime, a person charged with kidnapping is innocent until proven guilty and has the right to raise a legal defense. While generic defenses like insanity or duress can apply, some defenses are particularly relevant to <span data-term-id=\"40967665\">kidnapping charges<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consent:<\/strong> If the alleged victim is a competent adult who willingly went with the defendant, there was no kidnapping. The prosecution must prove the confinement was against the victim&#8217;s will. This defense does not apply if the victim is a minor, as a child cannot legally consent to be taken.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-term-id=\"40967690\">Parental right<\/span> (no custody order):<\/strong> If there is no formal custody order in place, a parent may have an equal right to take their child. Taking the child, in this case, may not be a crime unless it is done with malicious intent to <span data-term-id=\"40967683\">conceal<\/span> the child from the other parent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Good cause:<\/strong> In cases of <span data-term-id=\"40967675\">parental kidnapping<\/span>, some states allow a defense if the parent took the child because they had a reasonable belief the child was in immediate danger of physical or emotional harm (e.g., fleeing <span data-term-id=\"40967672\">domestic violence<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"40967702\">child abuse<\/span>). Getting a child to a <span data-term-id=\"40967685\">safe place<\/span> will be taken into consideration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Every <span data-term-id=\"40967665\">kidnapping charge<\/span> is different, as are the <span data-term-id=\"40967673\">state laws<\/span>. Be sure to understand what the charges you\u2019re being accused of entail.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"40967680\">Federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967667\">Kidnapping<\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967667\"> Laws<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While each state maintains its own <span data-term-id=\"40967667\">kidnapping laws<\/span>, there are also <span data-term-id=\"40967670\">federal laws<\/span> against kidnapping. Under <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/18-usc-sect-1201\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967689\">U.S.C<\/span>. Section 1201<\/a>, a person is guilty of kidnapping if they unlawfully <span data-term-id=\"40967704\">seize<\/span> or confine another person against their will.<\/p>\n<p>To convict someone of <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crimemuseum.org\/crime-library\/kidnappings\/federal-kidnapping-act\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967680\">federal kidnapping<\/span><\/a>, the government must prove each element of the crime. The <span data-term-id=\"40967712\">elements of kidnapping<\/span> in a federal case are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The case falls under federal jurisdiction (usually transporting the victim across state lines)<\/li>\n<li>The defendant unlawfully seized or confined another human being<\/li>\n<li>They held the victim hostage for ransom, a reward, or any other purpose<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The penalties for <span data-term-id=\"40967680\">federal kidnapping<\/span> are severe and can include life in prison. However, the law provides for a less severe sentence if the victim is released unharmed. A mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years applies if the victim is a minor. Certain aggravating factors, such as the death of the victim during the crime, can also result in a life sentence or the death penalty.<\/p>\n<h2>Seek <span data-term-id=\"40967686\">Legal Advice<\/span> From a Local <span data-term-id=\"40967682\">Criminal Defense<\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967682\"> Attorney<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re facing <span data-term-id=\"40967706\">criminal charges<\/span> for kidnapping or any other <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/crimes-against-the-person.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967711\">violent crime<\/span><\/a>, contacting a local <span data-term-id=\"40967664\">criminal defense<\/span> lawyer should be one of your first moves. Things move quickly after your arrest, and given the penalties for this <span data-term-id=\"40967699\">criminal offense<\/span>, you&#8217;ll want a skilled attorney by your side.<\/p>\n<p>The state must prove its case beyond a <span data-term-id=\"40967695\">reasonable doubt<\/span>. The best way to avoid a conviction is to hire an experienced <a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"40967682\">criminal defense<\/span><span data-term-id=\"40967682\"> attorney<\/span><\/a> who can effectively challenge the state&#8217;s case and advocate for an acquittal or a favorable plea bargain.<\/p>\n<h2>Browse State <span data-term-id=\"40967679\">Criminal Law<\/span> by Topics<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/assault-and-battery.html\">Assault and Battery Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/burglary.html\">Burglary Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/capital-punishment.html\">Capital Punishment Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/child-pornography.html\">Child Pornography Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/cocaine.html\">Cocaine Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/computer-crimes.html\">Computer Crime Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/credit-card-fraud.html\">Credit Card Fraud Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/criminal-statute-of-limitations.html\">Criminal Statute of Limitations Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/disorderly-conduct.html\">Disorderly Conduct Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/drug-distribution.html\">Drug Distribution Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/drug-manufacturing.html\">Drug Manufacturing Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/drug-possession.html\">Drug Possession Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/embezzlement.html\">Embezzlement Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/extortion.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967708\">Extortion<\/span> Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/first-degree-murder.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967663\">First-Degree<\/span> Murder Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/forgery.html\">Forgery Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/gun-control.html\">Gun Control Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/heroin.html\">Heroin Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/identity-theft.html\">Identity Theft Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/indecent-exposure.html\">Indecent Exposure Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/insurance-fraud.html\">Insurance Fraud Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/involuntary-manslaughter.html\">Involuntary Manslaughter Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/kidnapping.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967667\">Kidnapping Laws<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/theft-larceny.html\">Larceny and Theft Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/marijuana.html\">Marijuana Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/money-laundering.html\">Money Laundering Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/perjury.html\">Perjury Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/prohibited-consensual-sexual-activity.html\">Prohibited Consensual Sexual Activity Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/prostitution.html\">Prostitution Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/racketeering.html\">Racketeering Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/rape.html\">Rape Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/robbery.html\">Robbery Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/second-degree-murder.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967666\">Second-Degree<\/span> Murder Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/securities-fraud.html\">Securities Fraud Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/sexual-assault.html\"><span data-term-id=\"40967677\">Sexual Assault<\/span> Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/stalking.html\">Stalking Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/voluntary-manslaughter.html\">Voluntary Manslaughter Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                 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Many  attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum\" title=\"Criminal Defense Lawyer Directory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If you need an attorney, find one right now.<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Popular Directory Searches<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/domestic-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Domestic Violence Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/drug-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drug Crime Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/dui-dwi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DUI\/DWI Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/sex-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sex Offenses Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Litigation and Appeals Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/white-collar-crimes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">White Collar Crimes Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kidnapping involves taking someone against their will. State law varies by definition, penalties, and other factors. Learn about your state&#8217;s kidnapping laws at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":372166,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/OverviewPageController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3621],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-372202","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_53_21"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=372202"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":386402,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372202\/revisions\/386402"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=372202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=372202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=372202"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=372202"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=372202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}