{"id":373502,"date":"2016-11-14T14:52:17","date_gmt":"2016-11-14T19:52:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/kansas-law\/pain-and-suffering-damages-in-kansas.html"},"modified":"2018-12-10T14:46:58","modified_gmt":"2018-12-10T19:46:58","slug":"pain-and-suffering-damages-in-kansas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/kansas-law\/pain-and-suffering-damages-in-kansas.html","title":{"rendered":"Pain and Suffering Damages in Kansas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Pain and Suffering Damages in Kansas<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            December 10, 2018\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Kansas really is the center of the universe \u2013 or at least the 48 contiguous United States. But if you are tired of having to be the center of the attention since you slipped and fell on a puddle of ice cream at the store, you may be entitled to more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/worksheet-damage-estimate.html\">compensation<\/a> than you think. The information below is intended to help you determine whether you might be entitled to pain and suffering damages in Kansas.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Noneconomic Damages<\/h2>\r\n<p>Economic damages are intended to compensate you for your out-of-pocket expenses, such as medication co-pays, doctor visits, and physical therapy. Noneconomic damages, such as pain and suffering damages are intended to compensate you for the non-monetary losses you suffered as part of your injury, whether your injury is the result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/car-accident-liability-proving-fault-in-a-car-crash.html\">car accident<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/proving-fault-in-slip-and-fall-accidents.html\">slip and fall<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/proving-fault-in-medical-malpractice-cases.html\">medical malpractice<\/a>, or another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/what-are-intentional-torts.html\">incident<\/a>. Kansas law permits recovery for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_002_0000_article\/060_002_0049a_section\/060_002_0049a_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noneconomic damages<\/a> for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/car-accident-pain-and-suffering-damages.html\">Pain and suffering<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/injured\/2016\/03\/when-can-you-sue-for-scarring-or-disfigurement.html\">Disfigurement<\/a>, and any accompanying <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/emotional-distress.html\">mental anguish<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>See the chart and accompanying explanations below for more details on pain and suffering damages in Kansas<\/p>\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Statute of Limitations<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>1 year from injury if caused by public transportation (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2014\/b2013_14\/statute\/012_000_0000_chapter\/012_028_0000_article\/012_028_0036_section\/012_028_0036_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 12-2836<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>1 year if intentional (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_005_0000_article\/060_005_0014_section\/060_005_0014_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-514<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>1 year for wrongful termination (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_005_0000_article\/060_005_0014_section\/060_005_0014_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-514(d)<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>2 years for car accident injuries (<a href=\"http:\/\/kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/040_000_0000_chapter\/040_031_0000_article\/040_031_0010_section\/040_031_0010_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 40-3110<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>2 years from discovery for medical malpractice or wrongful death, but no more than 10 years from infliction (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_005_0000_article\/060_005_0013_section\/060_005_0013_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-513<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>10 years from sale for most product liability (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2014\/b2013_14\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_033_0000_article\/060_033_0003_section\/060_033_0003_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-3303<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Damages Limits<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>No pain and suffering in Worker&#8217;s Comp Claims (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dol.ks.gov\/Files\/PDF\/kwc25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.D.L. Worker&#8217;s Comp Info<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>No pain and suffering damages for uninsured or underinsured drivers (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/040_000_0000_chapter\/040_031_0000_article\/040_031_0030_section\/040_031_0030_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 40-3130<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>No pain and suffering damages for drivers convicted of a DUI or who refuse testing in connection with the accident (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/040_000_0000_chapter\/040_031_0000_article\/040_031_0030_section\/040_031_0030_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 40-3130<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>$250,000 &#8211; $350,000 depending on date of injury (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li\/b2015_16\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_019a_0000_article\/060_019a_0002_section\/060_019a_0002_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-19a02<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>$250,000 for wrongful death (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_019_0000_article\/060_019_0003_section\/060_019_0003_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-1903<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Other Limits<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>51% Modified Comparative Fault (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_002_0000_article\/060_002_0058a_section\/060_002_0058a_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">K.S.A. \u00a7 60-258a<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<h2>Amount Limits<\/h2>\r\n<p>Kansas provides for very strict limits on noneconomic damages. Depending upon <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li\/b2015_16\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_019a_0000_article\/060_019a_0002_section\/060_019a_0002_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when your injury occurred<\/a> the limit could be between $250,000 to $350,000. In wrongful death suits, the limit is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2012\/b2011_12\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_019_0000_article\/060_019_0003_section\/060_019_0003_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">$250,000<\/a> no matter when the death occurred.<\/p>\r\n<h2>51% Bar Rule and Other Bars to Recovery<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you were driving above the speed limit when you were T-boned in an intersection, you will be relieved to learn that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/kansas-law\/kansas-negligence-laws.html\">Kansas<\/a> court system employs the 51% Bar Rule form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/contributory-and-comparative-negligence.html\">modified comparative negligence<\/a>. This means that the court will determine the level of fault attributable to each party and you will be able to recover so long as you were less than 51% at fault. The court will merely reduce your damage award according to your level of fault.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you are convicted of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/dui\/charges\/dui-basics.html\">DUI<\/a> in connection with the car accident in which you were injured, refuse a test for alcohol or other drugs, or are driving without the minimum motor vehicle insurance required by Kansas law, you will be barred from recovering pain and suffering damages.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Time Limits<\/h2>\r\n<p>In an effort to limit liability, Kansas has state-imposed time limits, or &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/kansas-law\/kansas-civil-statute-of-limitations-laws.html\">statutes of limitations<\/a>&quot; that dictate how long you can wait to file a lawsuit. The time limits differ depending upon what caused your injury. For instance, you must bring a lawsuit for injuries from a defective product within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/time-limits-for-filing-product-liability-cases-state-by-state.html\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\">two years<\/a> Kansas of the date you suffered the injury. Additionally, the injured party must rebut the presumption that the product&#8217;s useful safe life expired once <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2014\/b2013_14\/statute\/060_000_0000_chapter\/060_033_0000_article\/060_033_0003_section\/060_033_0003_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">ten years<\/a> have passed since delivery of the product.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you were injured by Kansas public transportation, Kansas has a somewhat complicated time limit for filing a claim. While a lawsuit must begin within two years, any injured party who intends to file a lawsuit must <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li_2014\/b2013_14\/statute\/012_000_0000_chapter\/012_028_0000_article\/012_028_0036_section\/012_028_0036_k\/\" target=\"_blank\" adhocenable=\"false\" rel=\"noopener\">file a statement<\/a> with the secretary of the board as well as the office of the general attorney within one year of the injury. If you were injured in a car accident and Kansas public transportation was not involved, you have two years to file a claim.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Pain and Suffering is Hard to Prove: Get Help From an Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>Kansas law is more nuanced than most states, but Kansas&#8217;s form of modified comparative fault exists to insure that even injured parties who are somewhat at fault for their own injures should be able to recover damages. Whether you were bit by an animal or woke up from surgery only to find out that the wrong organ was removed, a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-defense\/kansas\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kansas personal injury attorney<\/a> can help with your claim.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        \n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745902396\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA\"\n                alt=\"\"\n                loading=\"lazy\"\n            \/>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-content fl-flex fl-flex-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-text fl-mb25\">\n            <h4 class=\"fl-no-margin\">Enter your email address to subscribe<\/h4>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <form class=\"email-subscription-content-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distributionList\" value=\"latl\" \/>\n            <label for=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" class=\"fl-text-sm-bold\">Email (Required)<\/label>\n            <div class=\"email-subscription-content-form-group\">\n                <input id=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" name=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"\/>\n                <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-success subscribe-success-message fl-text-sm-bold\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"status\">Thank you for subscribing!<\/p>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-error subscribe-error-message fl-text-sm-bold\" role=\"alert\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/p>\n\n            <div id=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha\" class=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha subscribe-recaptcha\"\n                data-sitekey=\"0x4AAAAAAABGBEkK9kEeKxO-\"><\/div>\n        <\/form>\n\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-footer fl-text-sm\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/newsletters.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about FindLaw\u2019s newsletters<\/a>, including our terms of use and privacy policy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"general-list\">\n    <h3>Helpful Links<\/h3>\n    <ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state.html\">\n                        Find Your State&#8217;s Laws\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/all-topics.html\">\n                        View All State Law Topics\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/statutes-of-limitations.html\">\n                        State Statutes of Limitations\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Popular Directory Searches<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal Injury Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wrongful-death-plaintiff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wrongful Death Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/premises-liability-plaintiff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Premises Liability Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/motor-vehicle-accidents-plaintiff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Car Accidents Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medical Malpractice Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/truck-accident\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Truck Accidents Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/construction-accident\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Construction Accidents Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about pain and suffering damages in Kansas and how to file a claim for your injuries at FindLaw.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":373412,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[2958],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-373502","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_17_7"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373502\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373502"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=373502"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=373502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}