{"id":374446,"date":"2016-03-31T21:35:46","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-capital-punishment-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-12-04T13:34:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T18:34:06","slug":"missouri-capital-punishment-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-capital-punishment-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Missouri Capital Punishment Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Missouri Capital Punishment Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-mccall-j-d\/\">Melissa McCall, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            December 04, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Missouri is one of 27 states, including Texas and Florida that use the death penalty as a legal punishment. Typically, Missouri&#8217;s death penalty applies to <a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=565.020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first-degree murder<\/a> with one of 17 aggravating factors. Under Missouri law, treason, first-degree kidnapping, and placing a bomb near a car.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Historical Background<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/state-and-federal-info\/state-by-state\/missouri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death Penalty Information Center<\/a>, Missouri&#8217;s use of the death penalty dates back to 1810, when Missouri hanged Peter Johnson for murder. Since 1810, the State of Missouri has executed over 380 people using the following methods of execution:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Hanging<\/li>\r\n<li>Lethal gas<\/li>\r\n<li>Lethal injection<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Temporary Moratorium<\/h3>\r\n<p>Missouri experienced a brief and temporary moratorium like other American states after the U.S. Supreme Court&#8217;s 1972 decision in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/408\/238.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Furman v. Georgia<\/i><\/a><i>. <\/i>In <i>Furman<\/i>, the SCOTUS determined that Georgia&#8217;s imposition of the death penalty on Furman for an accidental murder during a burglary violated the Eighth Amendment&#8217;s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed itself with its 1976 decision in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/428\/153.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Gregg v. Georgia<\/i><\/a><i>, <\/i>finding that not all death sentences violate the Eighth Amendment.<\/p>\r\n<p>Today, Missouri uses the death penalty as a legal punishment for heinous crimes.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Applying The Death Penalty in Missouri<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Missouri juries bear the responsibility for unanimously imposing the death sentence. Missouri law allows the judge to sentence the convicted offender if the jury cannot agree on punishment. The <a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=565.035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri Supreme Court<\/a> hears post-conviction appeals, and a member of the Criminal Appeals Division of the Missouri Attorney General&#8217;s office defends the death sentence.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Missouri Department of Corrections assumes responsibility for convicted offenders and houses <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/state-and-federal-info\/state-by-state\/missouri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri&#8217;s death row<\/a> inmates at two locations: Mineral Point (men) and Fulton (women). Once a convicted offender exhausts their appeals, they can request clemency. The Missouri governor holds the power to grant clemency with the advice of the <a href=\"https:\/\/doc.mo.gov\/divisions\/probation-parole\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri Board of Probation and Parole<\/a>. Convicted offenders with a scheduled execution date can choose between lethal gas or lethal injection to carry out the death warrant.<\/p>\r\n<p>As of 2001, <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/state-and-federal-info\/state-by-state\/missouri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri does not<\/a> execute those with intellectual disabilities. Missouri lawmakers tried and failed to extend this exemption to those with <a href=\"https:\/\/empowermissouri.org\/the-death-penalty-in-missouri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mental illness<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Death Penalty Controversies in Missouri<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Although the death penalty flourishes in Missouri, it&#8217;s not without controversy. These controversies include, but are not limited to, the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Inability to get lethal injection drugs<\/li>\r\n<li>Innocence-related exonerations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><b>Inability to get lethal injection drugs<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>Missouri, like many other death penalty states, struggles to get the drugs it needs to carry out executions. According to the DPIC, European drug manufacturers thwarted the Missouri Department of Corrections&#8217; attempt to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/us\/missouri-to-return-execution-drug-after-european-objections-idUSBRE9981DI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use propofol as a lethal injection drug<\/a>. Missouri went on to use and continues to use pentobarbital in its lethal injection protocol.<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>Joseph Amrine Exoneration<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>At least four people, including <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/stories\/state-of-missouri-v-joseph-amrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Amrine<\/a>, received exoneration while on Missouri&#8217;s death row. His exoneration boosted Missourians opposed to the death penalty. Amrine got a death sentence after allegedly murdering a fellow inmate and stayed on death row for 17 years before his exoneration based on exculpatory evidence.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Highlights of Missouri Capital Punishment Laws<\/h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Code section<\/th>\r\n<td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=546.720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">546.720<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=552.060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">552.060<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=565.020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">565.020<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=562.051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">562.051<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Is capital punishment allowed?<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Yes<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Effect of defendant&#8217;s incapacity<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Missouri does not execute those with intellectual disabilities or a mental illness that impedes their ability to understand the charges against them.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Minimum age<\/th>\r\n<td><p>18<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Available for crimes other than homicide?<\/th>\r\n<td><p>None<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Definition of capital homicide<\/th>\r\n<td><p>A person commits the offense of murder in the first degree if they knowingly causes the death of another person after deliberation upon the matter.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Method of execution<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Lethal gas or lethal injection<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><i><b>Note:<\/b> State laws are ever-changing. Please conduct your own legal research to verify the status of Missouri&#8217;s capital punishment laws.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you or someone you love is facing the death penalty, you should speak to a criminal defense attorney specializing in death penalty cases. These attorneys are experts in criminal defense law and can help you navigate the entire process. Speak to an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/missouri?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri criminal defense attorney<\/a> today.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Missouri is one of a handful of states that still use the death penalty. Learn more about Missouri&#8217;s capital punishment laws in this FindLaw article. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":374424,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3115],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-374446","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_26_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374446\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374446"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=374446"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=374446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}