{"id":374527,"date":"2016-03-31T21:35:48","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-pyramid-and-ponzi-scheme-laws.html"},"modified":"2016-06-19T23:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-20T04:00:00","slug":"missouri-pyramid-and-ponzi-scheme-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-pyramid-and-ponzi-scheme-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Missouri Pyramid and Ponzi Scheme Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Missouri Pyramid and Ponzi Scheme Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 19, 2016\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>In Missouri, it\u2019s illegal to operate or participate in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/pyramid-schemes.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\">pyramid scheme<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/ponzi-scheme.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">Ponzi scheme<\/a>. Pyramid schemes involve business plans where participants are promised payment or services <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/statutes\/C400-499\/4070000400.HTM\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">primarily for enrolling others <span id=\"atom_broken_id_7\" class=\"atom_response\">504<\/span><\/a> into the scheme, rather than for sales to the public. They\u2019re also one of the most famous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/white-collar-crime.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\">white collar crimes<\/a>, largely due to <a href=\"http:\/\/topics.wsj.com\/person\/M\/bernard-madoff\/1077\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bernie Madoff<\/a> and his pyramid scheme.<\/p>\r\n<p>One well-known Missouri pyramid scheme involved the &quot;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pyramidschemealert.org\/PSAMain\/pyramids\/dinner.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">Original Dinner Party<\/a>,&quot; which was a form of gifting-type pyramid scheme run by two women in the St. Louis area. The Attorney General at the time <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.transgallaxys.com\/~beo\/pdf\/www.ago.state.mo.us_112000_htm.pdf\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">filed suit against the perpetrators<\/a> of this scheme for the damages they reportedly caused, where most participants ended up $5,000 poorer.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Missouri Pyramid or Ponzi Scheme Laws: Statute<\/h2>\r\n<p>The following table highlights the main provisions of Missouri&#8217;s pyramid and Ponzi scheme law.<\/p>\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Code Sections<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/statutes\/C400-499\/4070000405.HTM\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">Missouri Revised Statutes Section 407.405 <span id=\"atom_broken_id_6\" class=\"atom_response\">504<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>What Is Prohibited?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>No person can sell, offer, or participate in a pyramid sales scheme in Missouri.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Penalty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Any pyramid sales scheme contract is void. Any person who gets another person to participate in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investor.gov\/protect-your-investments\/fraud\/types-fraud\/ponzi-scheme\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">pyramid scheme <span id=\"atom_broken_id_3\" class=\"atom_response\">404<\/span><\/a> will be liable for damages equal to double what the person paid into the scheme. If a successful enforcement action, court costs and attorney&#8217;s fees will also have to be paid by the defendant. In Missouri, the time period to bring this type of case, also called the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/statute-of-limitations.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">statute of limitations<\/a>, is 5 years from the date of the payment into the pyramid scheme.<\/p>\r\n<p>Additionally, anyone who knowingly violates the Merchandising Practices Act (which includes the pyramid scheme ban) with the intent to defraud can be found <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/statutes\/C400-499\/4070000020.HTM\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">guilty of a Class D felony <span id=\"atom_broken_id_8\" class=\"atom_response\">504<\/span><\/a>. Class D felonies are subject to up to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/statutes\/C500-599\/5580000011.HTM\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">4-year prison <span id=\"atom_broken_id_9\" class=\"atom_response\">504<\/span><\/a> sentence and up to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/statutes\/C500-599\/5600000011.HTM\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">$5,000 fine <span id=\"atom_broken_id_10\" class=\"atom_response\">504<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Who Enforces this Law?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>The Missouri <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ago.mo.gov\/publications\/pyramidschemes.htm\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">Attorney General <span id=\"atom_broken_id_4\" class=\"atom_response\">404<\/span><\/a> enforces the prohibition of pyramid or Ponzi schemes. However, prosecuting attorneys in Missouri may also go after pyramid scheme perpetrators for criminal actions. For schemes that cross state lines, the U.S. Department of Justice <span id=\"atom_broken_id_0\" class=\"atom_response\">404<\/span> may start a legal action based on federal law.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Where to Get Help (Victims)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>If you believe you may be a victim of a pyramid sales scheme, learn more about the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.consumer.ftc.gov\/blog\/telltale-signs-pyramid-scheme\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">signs of a pyramid scheme <span id=\"atom_broken_id_5\" class=\"atom_response\">403<\/span><\/a> and ask your business sponsor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/consumer.ftc.gov\/articles\/multi-level-marketing-businesses-pyramid-schemes\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">these questions <span id=\"atom_broken_id_1\" class=\"atom_response\">404<\/span><\/a>. If it may be an illegal pyramid scheme, report it to your <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ago.mo.gov\/other-resources\/police-and-sheriffs-contacts\" class=\"atom_link atom_broken\" rel=\"noopener\">local police department <span id=\"atom_broken_id_2\" class=\"atom_response\">404<\/span><\/a> and the Missouri Attorney General&#8217;s Consumer Protection Hotline <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.consumer.ago.mo.gov\/\" class=\"atom_link\" rel=\"noopener\">online<\/a> or at 1-800-392-8222.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Where to Get Help (Accused Perpetrators)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Dealing with any criminal or civil accusation can be a serious undertaking. If you find yourself facing any pyramid scheme related charges, you should contact an experienced Missouri <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/missouri\/\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/public-defenders-by-state.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\">public defender<\/a> for assistance.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><b><i>Note:<\/i><\/b><i> State laws are constantly changing &#8212; it&#8217;s important to<\/i> <i>verify the state law(s) you are researching<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\">Fraud<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/missouri-law\/missouri-consumer-laws.html\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\">Missouri Consumer Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/missouri\/\" class=\"atom_link atom_valid\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a Missouri Criminal Law Attorney<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" 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19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An overview of Missouri laws dealing with Pyramid and Ponzi schemes, and the accompanying penalties. 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