{"id":374649,"date":"2016-03-31T21:35:51","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/montana-law\/montana-whistleblower-laws.html"},"modified":"2016-06-20T19:50:13","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T00:50:13","slug":"montana-whistleblower-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/montana-law\/montana-whistleblower-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Montana Whistleblower Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Montana Whistleblower Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 20, 2016\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>A &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/whistleblower.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">whistleblower<\/a>&quot; is someone who reports environmental or ethical violations by a company or organization, sometimes at the risk of being retaliated against. Whistleblowers play an extremely important role in uncovering and correcting governmental waste, environmental dangers, public safety violations, conspiracies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud.html\">fraud<\/a> , and deceit.<\/p>\n<h2>Montana Whistleblower Laws<\/h2>\n<p>Montana whistleblower law protects employees under the &quot;Wrongful Discharge From Employment Act &quot; (WDEA). Montana enacted the WDEA to protect employees from wrongful discharges.<\/p>\n<h2>When is a Discharge Considered &quot;Wrongful&quot; in Montana?<\/h2>\n<p>In Montana, a discharge is considered &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/losing-a-job\/wrongful-termination.html\">wrongful<\/a>&quot; if one of the following is true:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><div>The discharge was in retaliation for the employee&#8217;s refusal to violate public policy or for reporting a violation of public policy (i.e. whistleblowing);<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>The discharge was not for good cause, provided that the employee completed the probationary period of employment;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>The employer violated the express provisions of its own written personnel policy.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What Provision of WDEA Protects Whistleblowers?<\/h2>\n<p>In Montana, whistleblowers are specifically protected under the first provision. As used in WDEA, public policy means &quot;a policy in effect at the time of the discharge concerning the public health, safety, or welfare established by constitutional provision, statute, or administrative rule.&quot; Moreover, a whistleblower&#8217;s suspicion does not need to turn out to be factually correct (i.e. the employer does not need to actually violate public policy), but rather, the employee must have a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/good-faith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">good faith belief<\/a> that the employer&#8217;s conduct violated public policy.<\/p>\n<h2>More Examples of Whistleblowing Activities<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><div>Medical billing fraud<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Money laundering or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/embezzlement.html\">embezzlement<\/a> &nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Violations of environmental laws<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Misreporting <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/affirmative-action.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affirmative action<\/a> hiring<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Financial and accounting irregularities<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Misuse of company funds<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Acceptance of kickbacks or other benefits and perks from suppliers<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div>Reporting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/workplace-safety\/protecting-yourself-from-unsafe-working-conditions.html\">unsafe work environments<\/a> &nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Do I File a Whistleblower or Retaliation Claim in Montana?<\/h2>\n<p>Generally an employee must first exhaust all of an employer&#8217;s internal grievance procedures before filing a lawsuit. If the matter cannot be resolved through that avenue within 90 days, an employee may file a lawsuit in an appropriate court. The lawsuit must be filed within one (1) year of the discharge. If you believe you have a claim, you should seek legal help immediately.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind, even though whistleblower statutes only cover workplace-related retaliation, provisions in non-whistleblower laws such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-equal-employment.html\" target=\"_blank\">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964<\/a> now protect against out-of-work retaliation.<\/p>\n<p>The main provisions of Montana&#8217;s whistleblower laws are listed below. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/whistleblower-retaliation-could-land-you-in-trouble.html\">Whistleblower Retaliation Could Land You in Trouble<\/a> in FindLaw&#8217;s Small Business section to learn more.<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody><tr><td>Code Section<\/td>\n<td>39-2-901, et seq.<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td>Prohibited Employer Activity<\/td>\n<td>Can not discharge or otherwise terminate employee in retaliation if employee refused to violate constitutional provision, statute or administrative rule regarding public health, safety, or welfare or reports a violation of the same.<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td>Protection for Public or Private Employees?<\/td>\n<td>Both<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td>Opportunity for Employer to Correct?<\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td>Remedies<\/td>\n<td><p>Must first exhaust internal procedures for appealing discharge, but after 90 days or exhaustion, whichever comes first, can file an action (within 1 year of discharge) to get back pay and fringe benefits (for a maximum 4 years, less interim earnings) and punitive damages if employer engaged in fraud or malice in discharging.<\/p>\n<p>There is no right under any legal theory to damages for wrongful discharge under this part for pain and suffering, emotional distress, compensatory damages, punitive damages, or any other form of damages<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td>Penalties<\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<p><i>Note: State laws are constantly changing &#8212; contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/whistleblower-qui-tam\/montana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montana whistleblower attorney<\/a> or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Research the Law<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/montana-law.html\">Montana<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/state-codes.html\">Official State Codes<\/a> &#8211; Links to the official online statutes (laws) in all 50 states and DC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Montana Whistleblower Laws: Related Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/whistleblowers\/whistleblower-protections-in-qui-tam-actions.html\">Whistleblower Protections<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment.html\">Employee Rights Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/whistleblower-qui-tam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a Whistleblower Attorney<\/a><br>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        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viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chart providing details of Montana Whistleblower Laws<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":374561,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3144],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-374649","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_27_6"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374649\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/374561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374649"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=374649"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=374649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}