{"id":375082,"date":"2016-03-31T21:35:59","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/new-jersey-law\/new-jerseys-first-degree-murder-law.html"},"modified":"2025-05-16T10:03:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T15:03:59","slug":"new-jerseys-first-degree-murder-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-jersey-law\/new-jerseys-first-degree-murder-law.html","title":{"rendered":"New Jersey First-Degree Murder Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">New Jersey First-Degree Murder Law<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 16, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>New Jersey defines murder as purposely or knowingly causing the death of another person or causing serious bodily injury that results in death. This classification is akin to first-degree murder in other states, which usually includes premeditation or specific intent. It also includes the felony murder rule. The penalties for first-degree murder in New Jersey range from a minimum of 30 years to life imprisonment, with certain aggravating circumstances potentially leading to life without parole.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>In criminal law, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide.html\">homicide<\/a> occurs when a person kills another human being, regardless of intent. Like other states, New Jersey recognizes <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">different types of criminal homicide<\/a>, including murder, manslaughter, and vehicular homicide. But unlike most states, New Jersey law does not recognize different degrees of murder, such as second-degree murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>In New Jersey, the most serious type of homicide is murder. It is comparable to first-degree murder charges in other states, where the defendant purposely or knowingly causes someone&#8217;s death.<\/p>\r\n<p>A murder charge is different from a manslaughter charge, which typically involves recklessness or disregard for the risk of death.<\/p>\r\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll discuss New Jersey\u2019s &quot;first-degree&quot; murder laws, including the definition of this crime and its penalties. If you are facing criminal charges of any kind, contact a local <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/new-jersey\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> as soon as you can. They can explain how state law applies to your circumstances and walk you through your options.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>New Jersey\u2019s First-Degree Murder Laws at a Glance<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The following table highlights the main provisions of New Jersey&#8217;s murder laws. We explain the state&#8217;s approach to murder charges in more detail below.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><td><b>Code Sections<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td>New Jersey Statutes Annotated (NJSA) Sections&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2C:11-3<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-3c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2C:11-3c<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Definition of murder<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Criminal homicide constitutes murder when the defendant purposely or knowingly causes death or serious bodily injury resulting in death.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Felony murder<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>If the defendant or a co-conspirator causes the death of any person during the commission of certain felonies, the state can charge them with murder.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Penalties<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Minimum mandatory prison sentence of 30 years to <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-commentary\/why-does-the-us-sentence-adolescents-to-life-without-parole.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life imprisonment<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Enhanced penalties apply in the following situations:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Murder of a police officer<\/li>\r\n<li>Killing of a victim under the age of 18<\/li>\r\n<li>Felony murder where the defendant commits the homicidal act by their own conduct<\/li>\r\n<li>Death of a victim during aggravated <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-14-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal sexual contact<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Death of a victim during aggravated <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-14-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual assault<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<h2><b>How Does New Jersey Law Define First-Degree Murder?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>New Jersey law defines murder as purposely or knowingly causing someone&#8217;s death or serious bodily injury that results in death. These cases typically have elements of deliberation or <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/premeditation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">premeditation<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Murder is the most serious homicide charge in New Jersey, similar to first-degree murder charges in other states. The state does classify murder as a &quot;crime of the first degree,&quot; but it&#8217;s not quite the same thing.<\/p>\r\n<p>Here, &quot;crime of the first degree&quot; is a level of felony offense that dictates the potential penalties. It doesn&#8217;t relate to the elements of the crime. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-15-1\/\" title=\"armed robbery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">armed robbery<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-4\/\" title=\"aggravated manslaughter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggravated manslaughter<\/a> are also first-degree crimes.<\/p>\r\n<p>New Jersey&#8217;s murder statute also includes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/felony-murder.html\">felony murder rule<\/a>, explained below.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Felony Murder<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>States use the felony murder rule to hold people accountable for deaths that occur during the commission of other crimes. In New Jersey, a defendant can be found guilty of murder if anyone other than a participant in the crime dies as a result of the underlying violent felony.<\/p>\r\n<p>In New Jersey, the state can pursue felony murder charges for the following crimes:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Burglary<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-jersey-law\/new-jersey-kidnapping-laws.html\">Kidnapping<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Sexual Assault<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-jersey-law\/new-jersey-arson-laws.html\">Arson<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Robbery<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-18-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burglary<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Carjacking<\/li>\r\n<li>Criminal escape<\/li>\r\n<li>Terrorism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The prosecutor must first prove the underlying felony. For example, let&#8217;s say law enforcement arrests you for a <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-15-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carjacking<\/a> where the car\u2019s owner died during the commission of the alleged crime.<\/p>\r\n<p>Prosecutors would first have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you were guilty of the carjacking before arguing the felony murder charges. If your defense attorney can prove that you didn\u2019t take part in the carjacking, the state must acquit you of the felony murder charges.<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>Affirmative Defenses to Felony Murder in New Jersey<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>As with any other crime, a defendant can raise an affirmative defense to the charge of felony murder. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N.J.S.A. 2C: 11-3(a)(3)<\/a>, the following qualify as an affirmative defense to a felony murder case:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Actual innocence<\/li>\r\n<li>Lack of use of a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/deadly-weapon.html\" title=\"deadly weapon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadly weapon<\/a> or other instrument capable of causing serious bodily injury or death<\/li>\r\n<li>Reasonable belief that none of the other participants had a deadly weapon or other instrument capable of causing serious bodily injury or death<\/li>\r\n<li>Reasonable belief that none of the other participants intended to engage in an activity that was likely to cause serious bodily injury or death<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>If the defendant\u2019s attorney can prove any of these defenses, the prosecutor may reduce or dismiss the charges outright.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Penalties for Murder in New Jersey<\/h2>\r\n<p>Generally, the penalty for first-degree murder in New Jersey is 30 years to life in prison. However, if the judge determines there are aggravating circumstances, such as killing a police officer, they may increase the penalty to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.<\/p>\r\n<p>According to N.J.S.A. <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nj\/title-2c-the-new-jersey-code-of-criminal-justice\/nj-st-sect-2c-11-3c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2C: 11-3<\/a>, a person found guilty of murder in New Jersey must also pay restitution to the victim\u2019s closest living relative.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>How a Criminal Defense Lawyer Can Help<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Even if the state has charged you with a violent crime, you have a right to legal representation. This is why you should contact a skilled <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/new-jersey\/all-cities\/#:~:text=Use%20the%20largest%20online%20lawyers%20directory%20to%20find,Defense%20attorneys%20and%20law%20firms%20in%20your%20city.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a> as soon as possible after your arrest.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are several possible defenses to first-degree murder, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/self-defense-overview.html\">Self-defense<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Actual innocence<\/li>\r\n<li>Insanity<\/li>\r\n<li>Intoxication<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/what-is-heat-of-passion\/\">Heat of passion<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Provocation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>For the state to secure a conviction, it must prove homicide charges beyond a reasonable doubt. Your attorney can help craft a defense strategy that shows reasonable doubt or, worst case, negotiate a favorable plea bargain.<\/p>\r\n<p>Your chances of an acquittal or favorable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/plea-bargain.html\">plea bargain<\/a> are better if you have an experienced New Jersey criminal defense attorney by your side.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n     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