{"id":375225,"date":"2017-11-30T17:55:36","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T22:55:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-child-neglect-and-abandonment-laws.html"},"modified":"2025-04-04T14:36:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T19:36:40","slug":"new-york-child-neglect-and-abandonment-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-child-neglect-and-abandonment-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"New York Child Neglect and Abandonment Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">New York Child Neglect and Abandonment Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            April 04, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>In New York, child neglect involves a parent&#8217;s failure to provide essentials like food, shelter, and medical care, potentially due to substance abuse or financial neglect. Abandonment is defined as a parent&#8217;s absence from a child&#8217;s life, with intent to surrender parental rights inferred from lack of communication. Both acts can lead to criminal charges, with abandonment classified as a class E felony, punishable by up to four years in prison. New York&#8217;s Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) and Family Courts address these issues, prioritizing the child&#8217;s best interest and safety.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>New York divides its child protection laws into child abuse, neglect, and abandonment.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-child-abuse-laws.html\">Child abuse<\/a> is physical harm done to a child.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/child-abandonment.html\">Child abandonment<\/a> is the absence of a parent from a child\u2019s life.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/child-neglect.html\">Neglect<\/a> refers to a failure to provide basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, and education.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>State law in New York defines child abuse and neglect as criminal acts as well as family law matters. New York\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/ocfs.ny.gov\/main\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Office of Children and Family Services<\/a> (OCFS), the state child protective services agency, can intervene and arrest parents on behalf of abused and neglected children.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Child Neglect and Abandonment in New York<\/h2>\r\n<p>New York\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/family-court-act\/fct-sect-111.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Family Court Act<\/a> created a court specifically for family law matters. The Act defines child abuse, neglect, and abandonment. The Family Courts have exclusive jurisdiction over all abuse, neglect, and child support proceedings, including criminal violations under the penal code.<\/p>\r\n<p>Courts use the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/focusing-on-the-best-interests-of-the-child.html\">best interest of the child<\/a>\u201d standard when determining the disposition of a mistreated child. The child\u2019s safety comes first, but a child is not always removed from the parent\u2019s care. <a href=\"https:\/\/ocfs.ny.gov\/programs\/cps\/assessment-response.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OCFS works<\/a> with parents and family members to correct situations where parents want what is best for their child and need help to achieve it.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Abandonment<\/h3>\r\n<p>The Family Court Act refers to New York\u2019s social services laws to define <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/social-services-law\/sos-sect-384-b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">abandonment<\/a>. A child is \u201cabandoned\u201d if:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>OCFS removes the child<\/li>\r\n<li>The parent is able to visit or communicate with the child<\/li>\r\n<li>The parent doesn&#8217;t communicate with or visit the child<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Unless the agency prevented or discouraged the parent from communicating with the child, courts assume that parents who fail to communicate with their children intend to surrender their parental rights. The court does not require evidence that the agency encouraged the parent to attempt to contact their child.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-260-00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child abandonment<\/a> is a class E felony. Criminal abandonment of a child means deserting a child under 14 in any place with the intent to \u201cwholly abandon\u201d such child. A class E felony is punishable by up to four years in prison.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Neglect<\/h3>\r\n<p>The Family Court Act defines a neglected child as any minor child under 18 years of age whose physical, mental, or emotional condition is at risk because of a parental failure:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>To provide basic food, clothing, shelter, or medical care<\/li>\r\n<li>To provide adequate supervision<\/li>\r\n<li>To exercise self-control leading to physical abuse or maltreatment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Neglect may result from excessive use of corporal punishment, use of drugs or alcohol while the child is present, or failure to provide care despite having the financial means to do so.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-260-06.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failure to support a child<\/a> is a class E felony. Failure to support means the parent, guardian, or legal caregiver has failed or refused to provide for the child\u2019s care, despite a court order to do so.<\/p>\r\n<p>Endangerment occurs when a parent or other person with legal custody of a child:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Acts in a manner likely to cause physical injury<\/li>\r\n<li>Allows the child to work in a hazardous occupation<\/li>\r\n<li>Fails to exercise proper control of the child such that the child becomes a neglected or abused child according to the Family Court definition<\/li>\r\n<li>Otherwise abandons the child without care for such child\u2019s well-being<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Endangering the welfare of a child is a class A misdemeanor.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Mandated Reporters<\/h2>\r\n<p>Any individual who regularly comes in contact with children during their duties must report known or suspected abuse or neglect if they have reasonable belief that such abuse is taking place. Mandated reporting laws require such individuals to report to OCFS or law enforcement.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/social-services-law\/sos-sect-413\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mandated reporters under New York law<\/a> include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Health care providers<\/li>\r\n<li>Social service workers<\/li>\r\n<li>Teachers and school officials<\/li>\r\n<li>Law enforcement personnel<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Anyone who believes in good faith that a child is being maltreated may contact CPS through the <a href=\"https:\/\/ocfs.ny.gov\/programs\/cps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Statewide Central Register<\/a> (SCR Hotline) at 1-800-342-3720. The Hotline receives calls 24 hours a day. CPS investigates all reports within 48 hours.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Penalties for Failure to Report<\/h3>\r\n<p>Mandated reporters who intentionally fail to report known or suspected child abuse or neglect are guilty of a Class A misdemeanor. They can also be liable for civil damages suffered by the victim.<\/p>\r\n<p>Individuals making reports in good faith are <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/social-services-law\/sos-sect-419\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immune from criminal prosecution and civil liability<\/a> if CPS finds no basis for their claims.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Advice from a New York Family Law Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>Child neglect and abandonment are serious matters. Parents want what is best for their child, and charges of abuse or neglect are serious legal issues. If you\u2019re facing these allegations, your children could be placed in foster care, and you could face criminal charges. If you need legal advice, speak with a<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/family-law\/new-york\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> New York family law attorney<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/new-york\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> to learn your options.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i 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