{"id":375320,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-second-degree-murder-laws.html"},"modified":"2025-07-18T14:08:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T19:08:26","slug":"new-york-second-degree-murder-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-second-degree-murder-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"New York Second-Degree Murder Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">New York Second-Degree Murder Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 18, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote>Under New York law, there are several types of homicide. These are cases involving the intentional death of a person. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide-definition.html\">Homicide offenses<\/a> include first-degree murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. Second-degree murder covers a killing that occurs without planning or intent.<\/blockquote>\r\n<p>The primary difference between second-degree murder and <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.findlaw.com\/blog\/what-is-first-degree-murder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">murder in the first degree<\/a> has to do with the killer&#8217;s intent. In a first-degree murder case, the defendant meant to kill the victim. With second-degree murder, the offender simply intended to commit an underlying felony, which led to the taking of a human life.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article explains how New York\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/second-degree-murder.html\">second-degree murder laws<\/a> work, including the possible criminal penalties for those who are convicted. We&#8217;ve also included links to other FindLaw articles on related subjects at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>New York Penal Law&#8217;s Definition of Second-Degree Murder<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>While not as severe as first-degree murder, second-degree murder is still a serious crime in New York State. Under NY Penal Law, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide-definition.html\">second-degree murder<\/a> can occur in one of five ways:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>While killing another human being with the intent to cause the death of another person, the defendant causes the death of such person or a third person<\/li>\r\n<li>Causing the death of a person by recklessly engaging in conduct with a grave risk of death to another person with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/what-is-extreme-indifference-murder\/\">depraved indifference to human life<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Causing the death of another person during the commission of a felony<\/li>\r\n<li>A defendant who is at least 18 years old causing the death of someone under the age of 12 while recklessly engaging in conduct with a grave risk of serious physical injury or death while demonstrating a depraved indifference to human life<\/li>\r\n<li>A defendant who is at least 18 years old causing the death of someone less than 14 years of age during the commission of a specific crime such as rape, a criminal sexual act, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-child-abuse-laws.html\">sexual abuse<\/a>, or a related offense<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>When a person acts in accordance with any of the above, they will face second-degree murder charges. The state must prove that the defendant\u2019s conduct directly or indirectly caused the death of another human being.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Depraved Indifference and Felony Murder<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Depraved indifference murder is a form of <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/reckless-homicide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reckless homicide<\/a> that qualifies as second-degree murder. To convict a defendant of second-degree depraved indifference murder, the prosecution must prove two things:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The defendant\u2019s conduct created a &quot;grave risk of death&quot; to another person<\/li>\r\n<li>The defendant demonstrated two distinct mental states at the time of the crime: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/recklessness.html#:~:text=Recklessness%20involves%20conduct%20less%20than%20actual%20intent%20to,risk%20of%20which%20they%20should%20have%20been%20aware.\">recklessness<\/a> and a depraved indifference to human life<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Convictions for depraved indifference are rare and often involve conduct that creates a danger to a group rather than a single individual.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/felony-murder.html#:~:text=Under%20the%20felony%20murder%20rule%2C%20a%20defendant%20can,other%20common%20topics%20in%20FindLaw%27s%20Criminal%20Law%20section.\">Felony murder<\/a> may also qualify as a form of first-degree murder, depending on the circumstances surrounding the killing. The difference between the two crimes depends on the defendant\u2019s intent.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-first-degree-murder-laws.html\">First-degree felony murder<\/a> cases involve defendants with the intent to kill the victim or another non-participant in the crime. Second-degree felony murder only requires that the state prove the defendant had the intent to commit the underlying crime.<\/p>\r\n<p>To be guilty of first-degree felony murder in New York, the defendant must personally cause the victim&#8217;s death or command another person to do so. A person can be guilty of <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-125-25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second-degree felony murder<\/a> if they were just an accomplice of the actual killer.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>New York Second-Degree Murder: Penalties and Defenses<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The table below outlines the possible penalties and defenses to a second-degree murder conviction in New York.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>New York Second-Degree Murder Code Sections<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p><b>New York Penal Code<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-125-25.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 125.25<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-60-06.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 60.06<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>New York Second-Degree Murder Penalties and Sentences<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Murder in the second degree is a class A-I felony.<\/p>\r\n<p>The penalty for most types of second-degree murder is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/mandatory-sentences-uniformity-and-consistency.html\">mandatory minimum sentence<\/a> of 15 years to 25 years in prison.<\/p>\r\n<p>For a murder charge that <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/penal-law\/pen-sect-60-06.html\" title=\"involves the killing of a victim under the age of 14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">involves the killing of a victim under the age of 14<\/a> during a specific criminal act, such as rape, sexual abuse, or a criminal sexual act, the penalty is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/types-of-sentences.html\">life imprisonment<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Possible Defenses Against New York Second-Degree Murder Charges<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>New York law recognizes the following defenses to second-degree murder:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Actual innocence<\/li>\r\n<li>Extreme emotional disturbance<\/li>\r\n<li>Assisted suicide without the use of duress or deception<\/li>\r\n<li>The defendant was not armed with a deadly weapon or other instrument capable of causing death or serious physical injury<\/li>\r\n<li>The offender had no reasonable ground to believe any other participant had a deadly weapon or instrument capable of causing death or serious bodily injury<\/li>\r\n<li>The defendant had no reasonable ground to believe any other participant intended to engage in conduct likely to result in death or serious physical injury for felony murder<\/li>\r\n<li>Mental disease or defect<\/li>\r\n<li>Infancy (for persons under 13 years of age)<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/self-defense-overview.html\">Self-defense<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Defense of another person<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><i><b>Disclaimer:<\/b> State laws are subject to change through new legislation, higher court rulings, and other means. While FindLaw strives to provide the most current information, consult a <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/new-york\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>criminal defense attorney<\/i><\/a><i> or conduct further legal research to verify New York state laws.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Get Legal Help With Your Second-Degree Murder Case in New York<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Prosecutions for murder are high-stakes affairs. A conviction will result in years of incarceration and affect opportunities for employment, reputation, and civil rights for the rest of your life. If you\u2019re facing second-degree murder charges, talk to an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/new-york\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Related FindLaw Resources<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide-definition.html\">Homicide<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/second-degree-murder-overview.html\">Second-Degree Murder<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/second-degree-murder-defenses.html\">Second-Degree Murder Defenses<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/first-degree-murder-overview.html#:~:text=First-degree%20murder%20%28or%20aggravated%20murder%29%20is%20often%20defined,criminal%20offense.%20Convictions%20result%20in%20the%20harshest%20sentence.\">Aggravated Murder<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Second-degree murder involves a killing without intent or planning. While not as serious as first-degree murder, the penalties are still quite severe. Learn more about New York second-degree murder laws at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":375187,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3251],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-375320","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_33_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=375320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375320\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=375320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=375320"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=375320"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=375320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}