{"id":375518,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:15","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/north-dakota-law\/north-dakota-capital-punishment-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-09-13T10:13:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T15:13:37","slug":"north-dakota-capital-punishment-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/north-dakota-law\/north-dakota-capital-punishment-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"North Dakota Capital Punishment Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">North Dakota Capital Punishment Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            September 13, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Execution as a form of punishment for particularly heinous crimes is referred to as capital punishment, or &quot;the death penalty.\u201d Typically, capital punishment is reserved only for those who commit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/first-degree-murder-overview.html\">first-degree murder,<\/a> especially where there is a lack of remorse or a pattern of cruelty.<\/p>\r\n<p>Most states use lethal injection for executions, although the difficulty in accessing lethal drugs has led some states to switch back to hanging, electric chair, or other methods.<\/p>\r\n<p>North Dakota abolished the death penalty in 1973. Read on to learn more about North Dakota laws and its history with the death penalty.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>North Dakota Capital Punishment Laws at a Glance<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>North Dakota once carried out death sentences via public hangings, up until the state&#8217;s first private hanging in 1905. That would also be the <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/state-and-federal-info\/state-by-state\/north-dakota\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last execution in North Dakota<\/a>, although capital punishment would remain technically legal until its abolition in 1973.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/attorneygeneral.nd.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Dakota\u2019s Attorney General<\/a> and the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.docr.nd.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Department of Corrections<\/a> have overseen the shift toward life imprisonment without parole as an alternative to the death penalty.<\/p>\r\n<p>See FindLaw&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/death-penalty.html\">Death Penalty<\/a> section for more articles and resources.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Code Section(s)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N.D.C.C. \u00a7 12-50 (repealed by S.L. 1973, Ch. 116, \u00a7 41); N.D.C.C. \u00a7 <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/nd\/title-12-1-criminal-code\/nd-cent-code-sect-12-1-32-01.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12.1-32-01<\/a> (Current available penalties)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Is Capital Punishment Allowed?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>No (abolished in 1973)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Effect of Defendant&#8217;s Incapacity<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N\/A<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Minimum Age<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N\/A<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Available for Crimes Other than Homicide<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N\/A<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Definition of Capital Homicide<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N\/A<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Method of Execution<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>N\/A<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><i><b>Note:<\/b> State laws may change at any time, usually through the enactment of new legislation but sometimes in response to higher court decisions or actions by the federal government. While we strive to ensure the accuracy of these pages, it\u2019s best to consult with a <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/north-dakota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>North Dakota criminal defense attorney<\/i><\/a><i> to learn how these laws apply to individual cases.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Death Penalty at the Federal Level<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Policies concerning the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/death-penalty-laws-by-state.html\">death penalty in the United States<\/a> have evolved significantly, from regular hangings in the 19th century to increasing statewide moratoriums and abolition efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.<\/p>\r\n<p>The federal government initially banned capital punishment in 1972, when the U.S. Supreme Court deemed Georgia&#8217;s death penalty statute unconstitutional. However, the Court reinstated the death penalty in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/428\/153.html#:~:text=Georgia%2C%20supra%2C%20three%20Justices%20in,regarded%20as%20a%20static%20concept.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Gregg v. Georgia<\/i><\/a>&nbsp;in 1976, establishing a legal framework for states that choose to retain it.<\/p>\r\n<p>Today, the death penalty remains a contentious issue, with states like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Texas<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/florida-law\/florida-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Florida<\/a> actively using it. Others have abolished it, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/maine-law\/maine-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Maine<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/minnesota-law\/minnesota-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Minnesota<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/michigan-law\/michigan-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Michigan<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-york-law\/new-york-capital-punishment-laws.html\">New York<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/wisconsin-law\/wisconsin-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Wisconsin<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/oregon-law\/oregon-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Oregon<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/connecticut-law\/connecticut-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Connecticut<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/maryland-law\/maryland-capital-punishment-laws.html\">Maryland<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/new-mexico-law\/new-mexico-capital-punishment-laws.html\">New Mexico<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/south-dakota-law\/south-dakota-capital-punishment-laws.html\">South Dakota<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Other states, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/california-law\/california-capital-punishment-laws.html\">California<\/a>, still have the death penalty as an option but typically do not use it.<\/p>\r\n<p>Despite these shifts, the death penalty continues to be a contentious and debated issue across the American landscape, as nearly all industrialized nations outside the U.S. have outlawed the practice.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Is Anyone on Death Row in North Dakota?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>North Dakota does not currently have an active death row, as the state has not utilized the death penalty in recent decades. However, on February 8, 2007, <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/news\/federal-government-announces-withdrawal-of-intent-to-seek-death-in-north-dakota-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alfonso Rodriguez Jr. received a federal death sentence<\/a> for the kidnapping and murder of Dru Sjodin, becoming the sole person on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/capital-punishment-at-the-federal-level.html\">federal death row<\/a> for a crime committed in North Dakota.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rodriguez&#8217;s case was subject to federal prosecution because he transported Sjodin&#8217;s body across state lines. At the time of Rodriguez&#8217;s sentencing, the state\u2019s attorney general cited various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/factors-considered-in-determining-sentences.html#:~:text=Aggravating%20circumstances%20are%20factors%20that,Heinousness%20of%20the%20crime\">aggravating factors<\/a> in the case. But, as of March 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/factors-considered-in-determining-sentences.html#:~:text=Aggravating%20circumstances%20are%20factors%20that,Heinousness%20of%20the%20crime\">the federal government dropped its pursuit of the death penalty against Rodriguez<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Historical Uses of Capital Punishment in North Dakota<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>This section provides brief information on the state&#8217;s first and last instances of imposing the death penalty.<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>George Miller (1885)<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>In 1885, North Dakota executed George Miller after he pleaded guilty to the murders of a Grand Forks woman and her six-year-old son. Law enforcement arrested Miller in Minnesota and transported him to a Grand Forks penitentiary to await his trial.<\/p>\r\n<p>Although Miller pleaded guilty, the judge ordered a trial so all witnesses could testify. After the trial, the judge sentenced Miller to death by public hanging. The territorial Supreme Court affirmed the sentence. The territory executed Miller on October 30, 1885.<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>John Rooney (1905)<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>Law enforcement arrested John Rooney for a man&#8217;s murder just west of Fargo. The jurors convicted him, and the state sentenced him to death by hanging.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rooney&#8217;s attorneys managed to reset his execution date three times while he was on death row. However, the state eventually executed Rooney in Bismarck, North Dakota in October of 1905. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/state-and-federal-info\/state-by-state\/north-dakota\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death Penalty Information Center<\/a>, Rooney was the last person executed in North Dakota.<\/p>\r\n<p>In 1915, the North Dakota legislature repealed most laws imposing the death penalty. The main exceptions were treason and instances when someone serving a life sentence killed a prison guard.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Have Questions About North Dakota\u2019s Capital Punishment Laws? Ask an Attorney<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>If you have questions about North Dakota&#8217;s capital punishment laws, a criminal defense attorney can provide clear answers. They can explain the current status and historical use of the death penalty in the state. Reach out to a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/north-dakota\/?fli-dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Dakota criminal defense attorney <\/a>today to understand how these laws might apply to your specific case.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw reviews North Dakota&#8217;s stance on capital punishment, including its history with the death penalty and the status of its death row. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":375508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3285],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-375518","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_35_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=375518"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375518\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=375518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=375518"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=375518"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=375518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}