{"id":376002,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:30","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/pennsylvania-law\/pennsylvania-extortion-laws.html"},"modified":"2018-03-28T16:39:21","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T21:39:21","slug":"pennsylvania-extortion-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/pennsylvania-law\/pennsylvania-extortion-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Pennsylvania Extortion Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Pennsylvania Extortion Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            March 28, 2018\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<h3><b>Overview of Pennsylvania Extortion Laws<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>In Pennsylvania, <a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/extortion.html\">extortion<\/a> is a theft-related offense. A person commits theft by extortion when he or she &quot;intentionally obtains or withholds property of another&quot; by making one of several threats specified in the statute. Specifically, the person must threaten to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>commit another crime<\/li>\n<li>accuse another person of a crime<\/li>\n<li>expose any secret tending to subject any person to hatred, contempt or ridicule<\/li>\n<li>take or withhold action as an official, or cause an official to take or withhold action<\/li>\n<li>bring about or continue a strike, boycott or other collective unofficial action, if property is not demanded or received for the benefit of the group the person purports to represent<\/li>\n<li>testify or provide information, or withhold testimony or information, with respect to another person&#8217;s legal claim or defense<\/li>\n<li>inflict any other harm which would not benefit the person making the threat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The element of threatening conduct in a <a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/theft-overview.html\">theft<\/a> by extortion offense necessitates the defendant&#8217;s use of coercion or intimidation in committing the crime. Moreover, there must be a causal relationship between the threat and the victim&#8217;s surrender of property.<\/p>\n<h2>&quot;Value&quot; Element of Extortion<\/h2>\n<p>Property that may obtained by extortion includes &quot;anything of value, including real estate, tangible and intangible personal property, contract rights, choses-in-action and other interests in or claims to wealth, admission or transportation tickets, captured or domestic animals, food and drink, electric or other power.&quot; In addition, according to the state theft statute, &quot;property of another&quot; includes property in which any person other than the actor has an interest which the actor is not privileged to infringe, even if the actor also has an interest in the property, and even if the other person might be precluded from recovering civil damages because the property was used in an unlawful transaction or was subject to forfeiture as contraband.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Penalties and Sentences<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Theft offenses are primarily &quot;graded&quot; by the Pennsylvania theft statute according to the value of the property stolen, as well as the circumstances of the theft or the nature of the property involved. Thus, theft committed by means of taking property from the person or by threat, or in breach of a fiduciary obligation, constitutes a misdemeanor of the first degree; theft wherein the amount involved was between $50 and $200 constitutes a misdemeanor of the second degree; and theft wherein the amount involved was less than $50 constitutes a misdemeanor of the third degree.<\/p>\n<h2>Felony Penalties<\/h2>\n<p>On the higher end of the spectrum, any theft offense wherein the amount involved exceeds $2,000 &#8212; or where the stolen property consists of an automobile, airplane, motorcycle, motorboat or other motor-propelled vehicle &#8212; is graded as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/felonies.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">third degree felony<\/a>. See the box below for more information.<\/p>\n<p>For purposes of grading theft offenses, the amount involved in a theft &#8212; that is, the underlying property&#8217;s &quot;value&quot; &#8212; is generally considered to be the market value of the property at the time and place of the crime, or, if such value cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after the crime.<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody><tr><td><p>Code Section<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/pa\/title-18-pacsa-crimes-and-offenses\/pa-csa-sect-18-3923.html\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 Pa. Cons. Stat. section 3923 et. seq<\/a>. (Theft by Extortion)<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Defenses<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><h3><b>Defenses to Extortion Charges<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Property obtained by threat of accusation, exposure of a secret, lawsuit or official action was honestly claimed as restitution or indemnification for harm done, or as compensation for property or lawful services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Penalties<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><p>See above, misdemeanor or felony depending on market value of theft<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Felony Penalties<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><p>Punishable by a sentence of a definite prison term of up to one year, and\/or a fine which is the greater of up to $2,500 or any higher amount equal to double the defendant&#8217;s gain from commission of the crime. On the other hand, third-degree felony convictions are subject to a sentence of up to 7 years in prison, and\/or a fine which is the greater of up to $15,000 or any higher amount equal to double the defendant&#8217;s gain from commission of the crime.<br>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<p><i><b>Note:<\/b> State laws are constantly changing &#8212; please contact a Pennsylvania criminal defense attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3><b>Pennsylvania Criminal Laws Related Resources:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/pennsylvania.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Legal Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacode.com\/secure\/browse.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Code<\/a><br>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/assault-and-battery-defenses.html\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/sentencing-overview.html\">Sentencing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/property-crimes.html\">Property Crimes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud-financial-crimes.html\">Fraud and Financial Crimes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Accused of Extortion in Pennsylvania? Get Legal Help<\/h2>\n<p>Whether you claim it was an &quot;empty threat&quot; or the alleged victim misunderstood you, extortion is a serious crime and shouldn&#8217;t be taken lightly. If you&#8217;ve been charged with violating Pennsylvania extortion laws, you should contact a local <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/pennsylvania\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> to discuss your possible defenses and any other information related to your case.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chart providing details of Pennsylvania Extortion Laws<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":375930,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3353],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-376002","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_39_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=376002"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376002\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=376002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=376002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=376002"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=376002"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=376002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}