{"id":376005,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:30","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/pennsylvania-law\/pennsylvania-forgery-laws.html"},"modified":"2018-03-28T16:55:31","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T21:55:31","slug":"pennsylvania-forgery-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/pennsylvania-law\/pennsylvania-forgery-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Pennsylvania Forgery Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Pennsylvania Forgery Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            March 28, 2018\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Overview of Pennsylvania Forgery Laws<\/h2>\n<p>The crime of forgery, like those of issuing bad checks or false personation, is based on fraud. In Pennsylvania, a person is guilty of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/forgery.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">forgery<\/a> if, with intent to defraud or injure anyone, or with knowledge that he or she is facilitating a fraud or injury to be perpetrated by another person, the actor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alters any writing of another without that person&#8217;s authority<\/li>\n<li>makes, completes, executes, authenticates, issues or transfers any writing so that it purports to (a) be the act of another person who did not authorize that act, (b) to have been executed at a time or place or in a numbered sequence other than was in fact the case, or (c) to be a copy of an original when no such original existed<\/li>\n<li>utters any writing which he or she knows to be forged in a manner specified above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although the offender must act with intent to defraud, he or she need not actually defraud or deceive another person to complete the crime. Whether a defendant possesses the requisite &quot;intent to defraud or injure anyone&quot; may be determined from the totality of his or her conduct.<\/p>\n<h2>Penalties and Sentences<\/h2>\n<p>Pennsylvania classifies basic forgery as a misdemeanor of the first degree. However, such offense will be elevated to a felony of the third degree if the writing is or purports to be a will, deed, contract, release, commercial instrument, or other document evidencing, creating, transferring, altering, terminating, or otherwise affecting legal relations. A bank check is an example of a &quot;commercial instrument&quot; whose forgery would result in such a felony.<\/p>\n<p>A forgery offense will be further elevated to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/felonies.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">felony<\/a> of the second degree if the writing is or purports to be part of an issue of money, securities, postage or revenue stamps, or other instruments issued by the government, or part of an issue of stock, bonds or other instruments representing interests in or claims against any property or enterprise.<\/p>\n<p>Below you will find detailed information about forgery laws in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody><tr><td><p>Code Section<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/pa\/title-18-pacsa-crimes-and-offenses\/pa-csa-sect-18-4101.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Statutes Title 18, Chapter 41, Section 4101<\/a> (Forgery)<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Defenses<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><b>Defenses to Forgery Charges<\/b><ul>\n<li>Lack of intent to defraud or injure<\/li>\n<li>Lack of knowledge that a writing was forged<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Penalties<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><p>Conviction for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/misdemeanors.html\">misdemeanor<\/a> of the first degree, the lowest of the forgery offenses, is subject to a sentence of up to 5 years in prison, and\/or a fine of up to $10,000. Felonies of the third degree are punishable by a term of up to 7 years in prison, and\/or a fine of up to $15,000. Finally, felonies of the second degree, the highest grade of the forgery offenses, are punishable by a term of up to 10 years in prison, and\/or a fine of up to $25,000.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>Definition of a &quot;Writing&quot;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><p>A &quot;writing&quot; includes &quot;printing or any other method of recording information, money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges, trademarks, electronic signatures and other symbols of value, right, privilege, or identification.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<p><i><b>Note:<\/b> State laws are constantly changing &#8212; please contact a Pennsylvania criminal defense attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Pennsylvania Criminal Laws Related Resources:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/pennsylvania.html\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Legal Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pacode.com\/secure\/browse.asp\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Code<\/a><br>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/assault-and-battery-defenses.html\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/sentencing-overview.html\">Sentencing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud-financial-crimes.html\">Fraud and Financial Crimes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Accused of Violating Pennsylvania Forgery Laws? Get Legal Help<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;ve been accused of forgery in Pennsylvania, you&#8217;ll want a skilled legal advocate on your side. Speak with a local <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/pennsylvania\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> who can help explain the laws and how they apply to your specific case. A lawyer can also represent you in plea negotiations and in court, if necessary.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chart providing details of Pennsylvania Forgery Laws<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":375930,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3353],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-376005","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_39_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=376005"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376005\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=376005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=376005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=376005"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=376005"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=376005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}