{"id":376581,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:52","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/texas-law\/texas-child-custody-laws.html"},"modified":"2023-10-04T14:56:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T19:56:56","slug":"texas-child-custody-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-child-custody-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Texas Child Custody Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Texas Child Custody Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/bridget-molitor-jd\/\">Bridget Molitor, JD<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            October 04, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>One of the most contentious parts of any divorce is child custody. Issues surrounding child custody and child support are so pervasive the federal government enacted the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/pdffiles1\/ojjdp\/189181.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act&nbsp;<\/a>(UCCJEA) to minimize custody conflicts across state borders.<\/p>\r\n<p>Texas child custody laws resemble other state laws, thanks to the UCCJEA. Child custody, support, and visitation depend on a range of factors, so these laws are little more than guidelines for family courts and judges. Courts make decisions about children&#8217;s lives with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best interest of the children<\/a>&nbsp;in mind.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article provides an overview of child custody laws in the state of Texas.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Custody and Conservatorship<\/h2>\r\n<p>In Texas, child custody is called &quot;conservatorship.&quot; The parents are usually considered joint managing conservators, meaning they share the right to make decisions for their child. Some states call this joint legal custody.<\/p>\r\n<p>In some cases, only one parent receives conservatorship of the child. This parent becomes the sole managing conservator if there are allegations against the other parent of:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Domestic violence<\/li>\r\n<li>Substance abuse or alcohol abuse<\/li>\r\n<li>Child abuse or neglect<\/li>\r\n<li>Absence or abandonment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The other parent becomes the possessory conservator and still has parental rights. They will not have the final say in any decisions about the child. If necessary, a third party may receive sole custody of the child.<\/p>\r\n<p>The primary managing conservator has physical custody at the child&#8217;s primary residence. They have possession of the child (where the child lives most of the time) even if it is only 51%. The other parent has access rights or visitation.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Visitation and Parenting Plans<\/h2>\r\n<p>Texas law defines the parent-child relationship as a relationship between the child and each parent. That is, the state wants the child to have a relationship with both parents, regardless of the parent&#8217;s marital status.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the parents do not submit their own parenting plan in a child custody case, the court will create a custody arrangement and visitation schedule.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Factors Affecting Custody and Visitation<\/h3>\r\n<p>Whether the parents submit a proposed parenting plan or the court must create a custody agreement for them, the family court judge must consider a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/primary-child-custody-factors-in-texas.html\">number of factors<\/a>&nbsp;carefully before issuing a custody order, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Any&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-004.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence of family violence<\/a>&nbsp;or use of force against the other parent or child. The judge may not award joint managing conservatorship when there is credible evidence of abuse, neglect, or physical or sexual assault against the other partner or child<\/li>\r\n<li>The parental abilities of both parents and their ability to provide a nurturing home for the child<\/li>\r\n<li>The parents&#8217; ability to communicate with one another about the child&#8217;s needs in co-parenting and decision-making<\/li>\r\n<li>The amount each parent played in the child&#8217;s upbringing before the custody case and their behavior towards the child and the other parent during the proceedings<\/li>\r\n<li>The locations of each parent&#8217;s home to the child&#8217;s school, friends, and activities<\/li>\r\n<li>Any other factors relevant to the case<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This is not an exhaustive list. Above all, the court must weigh the child&#8217;s well-being when considering granting custody of a child to either or both parents.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Will Your Child&#8217;s Wishes Be Considered?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Texas courts will consider the wishes of the child in some cases. If the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-009.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child is over 12 years old<\/a>&nbsp;and can articulate their reasons for wanting a particular custody arrangement, the judge will consider it. Steps will be taken to ensure the safety and confidentiality of the child&#8217;s testimony.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Grandparent Visitation<\/h2>\r\n<p>Texas family courts grant some legal rights to other individuals besides parents. After the custody determination has been made, grandparents can file for visitation even if the parents do not agree to the visits.<\/p>\r\n<p>The grandparents must show their visits are important to the child&#8217;s emotional well-being.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Custody Laws at a Glance<\/h2>\r\n<p>Learn more about Texas child custody laws in the table below. See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/how-child-custody-decisions-are-made.html\">How Child Custody Decisions Are Made<\/a>&nbsp;for additional information.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\"><p>Code Section<\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 153. 001 et seq.<\/a>&nbsp;of the Texas Family Code<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\"><p>Year Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act Adopted<\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>1999<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\"><p>Is Joint Custody an Option?<\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Yes,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-134.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">section 153.134<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\"><p>Are Grandparent Visitation Rights Recognized?<\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Yes, section&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/fam-sect-153-433.html?DCMP=google:pmax:K-FLPortal:17592357830::&amp;HBX_PK=&amp;sid=1015254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">153.433<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\"><p>Are Child&#8217;s Own Wishes Considered?<\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Yes, if the child is age 12 or older<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><i>Note: State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts (including federal decisions), ballot initiatives, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information available, please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2>Legal Help Can Protect You and Your Child<\/h2>\r\n<p>Even if you and your spouse agree on the best interests of your children, you may still want legal advice about conservatorship, court orders, and visitation schedules. If you&#8217;re going to court and you&#8217;re unsure about what you need to ensure your visitation rights, you should have legal representation.<\/p>\r\n<p>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/custody-visitation\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child custody attorney<\/a>&nbsp;can give you the help you need and explain what you need to do to protect your child and your legal rights in court.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Research the Law<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Texas Family Law<\/u><\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/state-codes.html\"><u>Official State Codes<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;&#8212; Links to the official online statutes (laws) in all 50 states and D.C.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Texas Child Custody Laws: Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-legal-requirements-for-divorce.html\"><u>Texas Legal Requirements for Divorce<\/u><\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-child-support-and-custody-modification.html\"><u>Texas Child Support and Custody Modification<\/u><\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/custody-overview.html\"><u>Types of Custody Overview<\/u><\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              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class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                 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          >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Custody &#038; child visitation cases are emotional, and a lawyer can seek the best outcome\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help protect your children&#8217;s interests\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Lawyers can seek to secure visitation rights\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored advice and ask a lawyer questions. 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding the legal responsibilities about child custody and how they&#8217;re determined in Texas can be challenging. 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