{"id":376621,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:52","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/texas-law\/texas-forgery-laws.html"},"modified":"2018-03-28T10:16:35","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T15:16:35","slug":"texas-forgery-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-forgery-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Texas Forgery Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Texas Forgery Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            March 28, 2018\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Overview of Texas Forgery Laws<\/h2>\n<p>Texas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/forgery.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">forgery law<\/a> makes it a crime to forge a &quot;writing&quot; with intent to defraud or harm another person. If the defendant is being charged with having forged two or more writings, then there will be a presumption that he or she did intend to defraud another person. A type of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">fraud-related<\/a> crime, a writing can be any of the following things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Any kind of printed or recorded information (including a signature)<\/li>\n<li>Money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges and trademarks<\/li>\n<li>Symbols of value, right, privilege or identification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Example: Bob made a forged copy of a rare coin and wanted to sell it to Joe since he knew Joe enjoyed collecting rare coins. He told Joe that it was an authentic rare coin and Joe believed him and purchased the forged coin. Bob has committed forgery.<\/p>\n<h2>Texas Forgery Laws: The Basics<\/h2>\n<p>Below you will see more specifics about Texas forgery laws, including relevant statutes, possible defenses, and where to go to find an experienced criminal defense attorney if you are charged with this crime.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Statutes<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/penal-code\/penal-sect-32-21.html\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Penal Code, Title 7, Chapter 32<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Elements of Forgery<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><ul>\n<li>make, sign, or alter any written document by signing another person\u2019s name, by altering the time or place of signature, or in order to pass off the writing as a copy of an original that does not exist<\/li>\n<li>make false entries in records or books<\/li>\n<li>use, present, or transfer a forged item (also known as \u201cuttering\u201d a forged instrument), or<\/li>\n<li>possess a forged instrument with the intent to utter it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Possible Defenses <\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><ul>\n<li>Lack of intent to defraud or harm another person<\/li>\n<li>Age (Minors may get lighter punishments than adults)<\/li>\n<li>The writing was not forged<\/li>\n<li>Mistaken identity<\/li>\n<li>Good faith belief that person was authorized to sign or alter the document<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Penalties<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><ul>\n<li>If the forgery is paper money, stocks or bonds, postage or revenue stamps, a government record, or an item issued by a state or national government: <b>felony of the third degree<\/b> punishable by two to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000.<\/li>\n<li>If the forgery is a will, deed, mortgage, security instrument or agreement, check, credit card, contract, release, or authorization to for payment of money or to debit a financial account: <b>state jail felony<\/b> punishable by 18 months to 2 years in jail and a fine up to $10,000.<\/li>\n<li>Any other forged documents may be charged and punished as a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail or a fine up to $4,000, or both.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<b><i>Note: <\/i><\/b><i>If the victim is an elderly person, the offense is automatically increased to the next higher category.<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<p><b><i>Note:<\/i><\/b><i> State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts (including federal decisions), ballot initiatives, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information available, please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Texas Forgery Laws: Related Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Statutes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/texas.html\" adhocenable=\"false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Legal Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-identity-theft-laws.html\" adhocenable=\"false\">Texas Identity Theft Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Charged With Forgery in Texas? An Attorney Can Help<\/h2>\n<p>If you have been accused of forging a writing with the intent to defraud another person, you\u2019ll want a strong legal advocate on your side. If you are convicted, you could face major jail time, a huge fine, and a criminal record. Why not take the steps now to safeguard your future? Learn more about the possible defenses available to you by meeting with&nbsp;an experienced <a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/texas\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas criminal defense attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 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11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Texas forgery law makes it a crime to forge a &#8220;writing&#8221; with intent to defraud or harm another person. Learn more about this and other fraud-related crimes at FindLaw.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":376523,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3455],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-376621","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_44_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=376621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376621\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=376621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=376621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=376621"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=376621"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=376621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}