{"id":376668,"date":"2016-03-31T21:36:55","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/texas-law\/texas-right-to-work-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-10-08T12:38:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T17:38:14","slug":"texas-right-to-work-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-right-to-work-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Texas Right to Work Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Texas Right to Work Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/amber-sheppard-esq\/\">Amber Sheppard, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/amber-sheppard-esq\/\">Amber Sheppard, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 08, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/employment-laws\/details-on-state-right-to-work-laws.html\">Right-to-work<\/a> laws prohibit labor union status (whether someone is a union member or non-union) as a requirement for a job. This means you don&#8217;t have to join the union or have a labor security agreement or contract to get the job.<\/p>\r\n<p>Texas has right-to-work laws prohibiting any contract requiring union membership (or nonmembership). Texas is an at-will employment state, meaning that under state law, an employer or an employee can end employment at any time.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Texas Policies on Union Membership<\/h2>\r\n<p>Texas right-to-work state and union laws are in <a href=\"https:\/\/statutes.capitol.texas.gov\/SOTWDocs\/LA\/htm\/LA.101.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Labor Code \u00a7101.003, et seq<\/a>. No person can get denied employment because of union membership or nonmembership in a labor union. Any contract that requires membership or nonmembership is prohibited, as is the denial of the right to work and bargain freely with the employer, individually or collectively.<\/p>\r\n<p>Texas Labor Code specifically bans denying employment based on membership or nonmembership in a union.<\/p>\r\n<p>This means an employer can&#8217;t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/what-is-collective-bargaining-.html\">force you to join a union<\/a>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>After hiring or<\/li>\r\n<li>As a condition of your employment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/faqs-about-union-members-rights.html\">Union members<\/a> have their own sets of rights that vary from state to state and union to union.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Texas Right to Bargain<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The Texas Labor Code prohibits a union or any organization from requiring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/collective-bargaining-process-overview.html\">collective bargaining<\/a>. This is where only the union makes demands or deals with an employer on behalf of all union members.<\/p>\r\n<p>As an at-will employment state, Texas employment law gives employees protections. This includes the freedom to bargain about their terms of employment. It doesn&#8217;t matter if they are members of a labor union. This gives them employee rights to advocate for themselves. Labor unions believe collective bargaining for the entire union gives them leverage to effect change on a greater scale.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Labor Unions Defined<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Right-to-work laws do not apply just to unions and union members in Texas. <a href=\"https:\/\/statutes.capitol.texas.gov\/SOTWDocs\/LA\/htm\/LA.101.htm#:~:text=In%20this%20subchapter%2C%20%22labor%20union%22%20means%20an%20incorporated,organization%20not%20commonly%20regarded%20as%20a%20labor%20union.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas law<\/a> defines a labor union to include any incorporated or unincorporated:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Group<\/li>\r\n<li>Local branch<\/li>\r\n<li>Lodge<\/li>\r\n<li>Union, or part of a union<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The goal of the labor organization is to improve working conditions, wages, or employment of the workers. This is besides Texas workers&#8217; federal law protections for minimum wage and workplace safety under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/federal-wage-law-the-fair-labor-standards-act.html\">the Fair Labor Standards Act <\/a>(FLSA) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/workplace-safety\/workers-rights-under-osha.html\">Occupational Safety and Health Act<\/a> (OSHA).<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Right to Organize<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Besides stopping union membership requirements to work, Texas labor law does allow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/unions-basics.html\">union membership<\/a>. Under Texas law, unions can:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Associate and form trade unions and other organizations<\/li>\r\n<li>Influence others to enter or refuse employment (disclaimer: it is still the person&#8217;s decision to take employment)<\/li>\r\n<li>Protect themselves individually<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>So what does this mean? Even though an employer would hire a union member, there could be enormous social pressure to not work with an employer if the union does not approve of it.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Federal Protections for Texas Employees<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>There are other employee protections outside of right-to-work laws in Texas. Under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), eligible employees can take unpaid leave for health-related care for themselves or a family member. Civil rights discrimination for age, disability, race, religion, national origin, and other reasons is still illegal in the workplace.<\/p>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/child-labor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States Department of Labor<\/a> regulates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact-sheets\/2a-child-labor-restaurants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child labor laws<\/a> under the Fair Labor Standards Act. These laws limit a minor&#8217;s work hours during the school year.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Reporting Texas Employment Discrimination<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>You can report Texas employers to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twc.texas.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Workforce Commission<\/a> for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twc.texas.gov\/programs\/wage-and-hour\/texas-child-labor-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child labor law violations<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Civil rights violations<\/li>\r\n<li>Discrimination (age discrimination, national origin, sexual orientation, and more)<\/li>\r\n<li>Fraud<\/li>\r\n<li>Unemployment benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>Withholding payday wages<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>There are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twc.texas.gov\/find-locations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas Workforce Commission offices<\/a> in major cities like Austin and Dallas.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Talk to a Texas Employment Lawyer<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Suppose you believe someone denied you employment because you belong to a union or your employer forced you to join a union. In that case, you should connect with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/labor-law\/texas?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas attorney with labor law experience<\/a>. Besides helping you navigate labor law requirements, the attorney can help you recover damages, including union dues payments. A lawyer helps with other employment issues like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-workers-compensation-laws.html\">workers&#8217; compensation<\/a>, employment contracts, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/texas-overtime-laws.html\">overtime pay<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                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class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                 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