{"id":376700,"date":"2017-06-07T14:03:27","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T19:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/texas-law\/your-houston-child-custody-case-the-basics.html"},"modified":"2017-06-07T23:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-06-08T04:00:00","slug":"your-houston-child-custody-case-the-basics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/your-houston-child-custody-case-the-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"Your Houston Child Custody Case: The Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Your Houston Child Custody Case: The Basics<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 07, 2017\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Your pending divorce has left a Texas-sized hole in your heart. Despite your pain and anger, your main priority is your children\u2019s well-being. Now that they won\u2019t be raised in a two-parent household, you have a lot of questions. Will they still live with you in Houston or with their other parent in Deer Park? Can they go on the annual summer vacation to Puerto Vallarta with your side of the family? Who decides where they go to school? Luckily, there are Texas laws and procedures in place to help you answer these questions. This article provides basic information about child custody law in Houston.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What is Child Custody?<\/h2>\r\n<p>In Houston, child custody is called \u201cconservatorship.\u201d Conservatorship is the right to make decisions for a child, including where that child will live and other determinations about his or her health, education, and upbringing. Usually, conservatorship is not about the amount of time one person spends with a child. Instead, it addresses the rights, powers, and duties related to a child.<\/p>\r\n<p>Two people can share custody (joint managing conservatorship) or one person may be granted exclusive custody (sole managing conservatorship). Even in situations of joint managing conservatorship, two people may not share rights equally. For example, one person may receive more physical time with the child and often one person\u2019s home will be designated as the child\u2019s primary residence.<\/p>\r\n<p>Visitation, known as \u201caccess and possession\u201d in Texas, is commonly granted to a person (\u201cpossessory conservator\u201d) who has joint managing conservatorship but whose home is not the child\u2019s primary residence. Texas law outlines a <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/tx\/family-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Standard Possession Order<\/a> for visitation.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Who Can File for Child Custody in Houston?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Only individuals with a legally-recognized interest in a child may file for custody of that child. In general, qualifying individuals include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>A parent of the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>The child (through a court-approved representative);<\/li>\r\n<li>A custodian or guardian of the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>A government entity or other authorized agency;<\/li>\r\n<li>A man claiming to be the father of the child; or<\/li>\r\n<li>A relative, foster parent, or other third party who also meet other requirements.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>If a parent-child relationship between the child and each living parent has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/parental-rights-and-liability\/termination-of-parental-rights.html\">legally terminated<\/a>, the following people cannot open a new child custody case:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>A former parent;<\/li>\r\n<li>A biological father; or<\/li>\r\n<li>A family member of the former parent.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>How Do I File for Child Custody in Houston?<\/h2>\r\n<p>There are three basic ways to file for custody in Houston:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Filing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/texas-law\/your-houston-divorce-the-basics.html\">divorce<\/a> petition if you are married to the child\u2019s other parent;<\/li>\r\n<li>Filing a <a href=\"https:\/\/texaslawhelp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/fm-sapcr-100_sapcr_petition_english_-_petitioner_5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship<\/a> (SAPCR) if you are not married to the child\u2019s other parent, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dshs.texas.gov\/vital-statistics\/frequently-asked-questions\/paternity-faqs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paternity<\/a> has been determined; or<\/li>\r\n<li>Filing a paternity case, if you are not married to the child\u2019s other parent and paternity has not been established.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Can Individuals Reach a Custody Agreement on Their Own?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes, with approval by the court. Family courts encourage people to reach custody agreements on their own whenever possible. A court will generally approve an agreement so long as it meets certain legal requirements. In many circumstances, agreements are the fastest and least expensive way to get child custody orders.<\/p>\r\n<p>You can call Access Facilitation at the <a href=\"https:\/\/dro.harriscountytx.gov\/pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Domestic Relations Office<\/a> at (713) 755-6757 to request help negotiating temporary custody arrangements that may later become permanent custody agreements.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Happens if No Agreement is Reached?<\/h2>\r\n<p>If individuals are unable to reach a custody agreement, a judge will conduct a hearing to decide final custody orders.<\/p>\r\n<p>Before a judge hears a case, he or she may order the parties to go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/mediation.html\" target=\"_blank\">mediation<\/a>. If the parties reach an agreement during mediation, the court will generally make that agreement a permanent custody order.<\/p>\r\n<p>In deciding custody, a judge may also order a <a href=\"https:\/\/dro.harriscountytx.gov\/Pages\/FAQ.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social study<\/a> to get a neutral assessment from a trained professional. As part of the study, an evaluator will interview parents, children, and other individuals. He or she will also review school records, medical records, and other agency records. The evaluator will file a written report within 90 days that contains a recommendation about conservatorship and access and possession. During the custody hearing, the judge will take the report into consideration.<\/p>\r\n<p>Custody hearings can be complicated and you may want to consider consulting an experienced family law attorney in the Houston area.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Does a Judge Consider in a Hearing?<\/h2>\r\n<p>In Houston, a judge has significant discretion when making custody orders. The most important factor a judge will consider is the best interests of the child.<\/p>\r\n<p>Texas law says a child has the right to frequent and continued contact with both parents. Often, that means a judge will grant joint managing conservatorship to both parents unless he or she believes that doing so will harm the physical development and emotional wellbeing of the child. For example, a court may give sole managing conservatorship to one parent if there is evidence of child abuse or alcohol and drug addiction by the other parent. The law also states the judge cannot give preference to one parent simply based on a parent\u2019s gender.<\/p>\r\n<p>Other factors a judge may consider include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The wishes of the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>Any special medical, physical, or emotional needs of the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether a party has participated in extracurricular activities with the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>The work schedules of both parents;<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether one parent has previously been the primary caregiver of the child;<\/li>\r\n<li>The parental abilities of each party;<\/li>\r\n<li>The stability of each parent\u2019s home; and<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether a person promotes a friendly parenting environment with the other parent.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>What if I Fear Immediate Harm to my Child?<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you fear immediate harm to your child, you can file for temporary emergency orders called \u201cex parte\u201d orders. These orders are very rare and difficult to obtain. However, you may seek ex parte orders in situations where a person is unlawfully keeping your child or your child is at risk for abuse. When you file for temporary emergency orders, the judge may grant a hearing to determine whether the orders are necessary.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Can I Change an Existing Custody Order?<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you want to change an existing custody order, you need to file a motion to change conservatorship or possession and access with the court. Unless there is an emergency situation, you generally need to wait at least one year from the date of the original order before requesting a change. To get a modification, you typically need to prove that the new order would be in the best interest of the child and that circumstances have significantly changed since the last order was issued.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Where Can I Go for Additional Help With My Case?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Child custody cases can be stressful and confusing, particularly when the adults involved can\u2019t seem to put their differences aside. To help your family cope with this difficult time, you may want to consider contacting a counselor or participating in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thethreadalliance.org\/resources\/parenting-classes-open-to-public\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parenting and family classes<\/a>. If you want legal help, you may want to talk to <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/custody-visitation\/texas\/houston\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a local attorney<\/a>, and there are also low-cost options available in Houston, such as a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.makejusticehappen.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">volunteer attorney<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lonestarlegal.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal aid office<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n       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date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Custody &#038; child visitation cases are emotional, and a lawyer can seek the best outcome\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help protect your children&#8217;s interests\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Lawyers can seek to secure visitation rights\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored advice and ask a lawyer questions. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/custody-visitation\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum\" title=\"Child Custody Attorney Directory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If you need an attorney, find one right now.<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n     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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to FindLaw&#8217;s coverage of how to navigate the legal system when dealing with a child custody case in Houston, with summaries of Texas family 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