{"id":376870,"date":"2016-03-31T21:37:03","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/vermont-law\/vermont-right-to-work-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-11-15T12:24:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T17:24:24","slug":"vermont-right-to-work-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/vermont-law\/vermont-right-to-work-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Vermont Right-to-Work Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Vermont Right-to-Work Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/amber-sheppard-esq\/\">Amber Sheppard, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/amber-sheppard-esq\/\">Amber Sheppard, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 15, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/employment-laws\/right-to-work.html\">Right-to-work laws<\/a> prohibit forced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/unions-basics.html\">union membership<\/a> and union dues as a condition of employment. Vermont has right-to-work laws that protect Vermont employees and independent contractors.<\/p>\r\n<p>This FindLaw article answers common FAQs about right-to-work laws and associated Vermont employee protections, such as Vermont minimum wage, military leave, and civil rights protections. We&#8217;ll answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Vermont\">Is Vermont a right-to-work state?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#NLRB\">What is the National Labor Relations Board?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Wage\">Does Vermont have minimum wage laws?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Minors\">Is Vermont&#8217;s state minimum wage the same for minors?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Insurance\">Does a Vermont employer have to provide health insurance?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#FMLA\">Does a Vermont employer have to follow the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#ESLA\">What is Vermont&#8217;s Earned Sick Leave Act?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Safety\">Are there workplace safety and occupational safety standards in Vermont?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Leave\">Does Vermont allow for leave of absence at work?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Civil\">Do Vermont employees have civil rights protections?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Lawyer\">Hire a Vermont employment lawyer<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"#Resources\">Vermont right-to-work laws: Related resources<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Vermont\"><\/a>Is Vermont a Right-To-Work State?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>No. Vermont is not a right-to-work state. But there are federal protections for workers in Vermont and rules and regulations by the <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/vermont-occupational-safety-and-health-administration-vosha\/employee-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Department of Labor<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"NLRB\"><\/a>What Is the National Labor Relations Board?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Labor Relations Board&#8217;s website<\/a> offers detailed information about federal union laws and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/resources\/nlrb-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">procedures<\/a>. Regardless of whether a state has right-to-work laws, it is illegal under federal law for employers to threaten employees interested in joining or forming a union. It is also unlawful for an employer to promise certain benefits to those who refuse to join a union or to force payment to be included in <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/collective-bargaining.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collective bargaining agreement<\/a> benefits.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Wage\"><\/a>Does Vermont Have Minimum Wage Laws?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. Although Vermont has no statutory provisions related to right-to-work laws, it does have wage rate laws. <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/press-release\/vermont-department-labor-announces-minimum-wage-increase-starting-january-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont wages<\/a> must be at least $13.67. <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/press-release\/vermont-department-labor-announces-minimum-wage-increase-starting-january-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tipped employees&#8217;<\/a> minimum hourly wage is $6.84.<\/p>\r\n<p>Workers can report wrongful practices or late paychecks to the <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/rights-and-wages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Department of Labor&#8217;s Wage and Hour Program<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Minors\"><\/a>Is Vermont&#8217;s State Minimum Wage the Same For Minors?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. Vermont employers who hire minors must pay them at least minimum wage: $6.84 an hour for tipped employees and $13.67 for all other jobs.<\/p>\r\n<p>Vermont does have <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/child-labor-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child labor laws<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are exemptions for scheduling eligible employees who are minors. Minors can&#8217;t:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Work more than three hours on a school day<\/li>\r\n<li>Work more than 18 hours during a school workweek<\/li>\r\n<li>Work beyond 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. during the school year. They can work until 9 p.m. June 1 through Labor Day (summer).<\/li>\r\n<li>Work before they are 16 or older in <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/sites\/labor\/files\/doc_library\/Child%20Labor%20Information%20Poster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hazardous agriculture jobs<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Work before they are <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/sites\/labor\/files\/doc_library\/Child%20Labor%20Information%20Poster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14 years old (with certain jobs)<\/a>. (Must have <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/document\/child-labor-certificate-form-updated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guardian consent<\/a>.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/federal-wage-law-the-fair-labor-standards-act.html\">Fair Labor Standards Act<\/a> (FLSA) and workplace safety laws also apply to minors&#8217; employment.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Insurance\"><\/a>Does a Vermont Employer Have to Provide Health Insurance?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>No. But Vermont does offer small businesses with under 100 employees group insurance plans through <a href=\"https:\/\/info.healthconnect.vermont.gov\/learn-more\/businesses-and-employees\/small-business-faq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Health Connect<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"FMLA\"><\/a>Does a Vermont Employer Have to Follow the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. FMLA is a federal law meant to protect eligible employees who must take a leave of absence. The employee&#8217;s job can&#8217;t be diminished and must be held until the person returns after their leave. FMLA is unpaid leave that is up to 12 weeks. Employees can take FMLA leave when they or a sick family member needs care.<\/p>\r\n<p>Employees can use sick leave rather than FMLA if their job offers it.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"ESLA\"><\/a>What Is Vermont Earned Sick Leave Act?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Vermont passed the <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/sites\/labor\/files\/doc_library\/Earned%20Sick%20Time%20%5BEnglish%5D%20Poster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Earned Sick Leave Act<\/a> to protect workers similarly to FMLA.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/sites\/labor\/files\/doc_library\/Earned%20Sick%20Time%20FAQ%20modified.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exemptions to the law<\/a> include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Less than full-time workers who work 18 or fewer hours a week<\/li>\r\n<li>Seasonal employees who work less than 20 weeks in a year<\/li>\r\n<li>Federal employees<\/li>\r\n<li>Minors<\/li>\r\n<li>Sole proprietors<\/li>\r\n<li>Independent contractors<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Vermont employees earn one hour of sick leave\/sick time\/time off for every 52 hours of work. The employee is only allowed a maximum of 40 hours of sick leave in a year.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Safety\"><\/a>Are There Workplace Safety and Occupational Safety Standards in Vermont?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. Working conditions and workplace safety cannot defy federal law: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/workplace-safety\/workers-rights-under-osha.html\">Occupational Safety and Health Act<\/a> (OSHA). Vermont administers its workplace safety regulations through the <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/vosha\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Occupational Safety and Health Administration<\/a> (VOSHA).<\/p>\r\n<p>VOSHA governs:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/vermont-occupational-safety-and-health-administration-vosha\/whistleblower-protection-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Whistleblower claims<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/workers-compensation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Workers&#8217; compensation<\/a> claims<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/EO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sexual harassment and discrimination<\/a> claims<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Under VOSHA, Vermont employees have a right to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Safe working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm<\/li>\r\n<li>Ask OSHA to inspect their workplace without repercussions from employers<\/li>\r\n<li>Get information and training in a language they understand<\/li>\r\n<li>Get copies of any medical records the employer has on them<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>VOSHA does not apply to federal employees, farms with fewer than 10 workers, or self-employed workers.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Leave\"><\/a>Does Vermont Allow For Leave of Absence at Work?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. <a href=\"https:\/\/labor.vermont.gov\/sites\/labor\/files\/doc_library\/military%20leave%20rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont law allows military leave<\/a> for active duty and reserve National Guard duty. Employees must provide reasonable notice to their Vermont employer of leave 30 days before or as soon as possible. The federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/military-service-and-re-employment-rights.html\">Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act<\/a> (USERRA) protects employees. Military leave workers can&#8217;t lose benefits while on duty, such as sick leave, vacation leave, and benefits.<\/p>\r\n<p>Vermont law also allows <a href=\"https:\/\/legislature.vermont.gov\/statutes\/section\/21\/005\/00499\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unpaid leave for jury duty<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/vt\/title-21-labor\/vt-st-tit-21-sect-472b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town meeting leave<\/a>, and sick leave.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Civil\"><\/a>Do Vermont Employees Have Civil Rights Protections?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. The Vermont Attorney General has an <a href=\"https:\/\/ago.vermont.gov\/divisions\/civil-rights\/employment-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Employment Law Civil Rights Unit<\/a> to address workplace discrimination claims. Employers can&#8217;t use the following classifications against a worker:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Ancestry or place of birth<\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li>Gender identity<\/li>\r\n<li>HIV status<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex<\/li>\r\n<li>Sexual orientation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Also included in this list is the filing of a workers&#8217; compensation claim. This unit also enforces FMLA, military leave, and drug testing.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Lawyer\"><\/a>Hire a Vermont Employment Lawyer<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>State and federal laws evolve and change. Contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/labor-law\/vermont?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont labor law attorney<\/a> before deciding or asking about what Vermont employee protections you may have.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b><a id=\"Resources\"><\/a>Vermont Right-to-Work Laws: Related Resources<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/vermont.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vermont Code<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/unions.html\">Union Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/vermont-law\/vermont-employment-laws.html\">Vermont Employment Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment.html\">Employment Rights<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n 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