{"id":376921,"date":"2016-03-31T21:37:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-guidelines.html"},"modified":"2025-05-16T17:59:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T22:59:47","slug":"virginia-child-support-guidelines","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-guidelines.html","title":{"rendered":"Virginia Child Support Guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Virginia Child Support Guidelines<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 16, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>When a married couple separates or divorces, decisions have to be made about any children. The court typically appoints one custodial parent with the other becoming the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/can-a-child-decide-to-live-with-the-noncustodial-parent\/\" title=\"non-custodial parent\">non-custodial parent<\/a>. The non-custodial parent (NCP) has the children for fewer days out of the month. Therefore, they must pay the other parent to help with the children\u2019s care.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sometimes, the parents negotiate child support on their own or through their divorce attorneys. Otherwise, the court must step in and dictate the amount of child support the NCP must pay. They do so using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-guidelines.html\" title=\"Virginia\u2019s child support guidelines\">Virginia\u2019s child support guidelines<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Here, we\u2019ll explain how to request <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support.html\" title=\"child support\">child support<\/a> in Virginia. We will also discuss how the courts determine the NCP\u2019s child support obligation and the factors they consider. Finally, we\u2019ll describe what happens when the NCP fails to make their child support payment.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>How To Request Child Support in Virginia<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>There are three ways to request child support in Virginia. The path you choose depends on the specific facts of your case.<\/p>\r\n<p>The three pathways for requesting child support in Virginia include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Through the Circuit Court as part of your divorce settlement<\/li>\r\n<li>Filing a petition with the <a href=\"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacodepopularnames\/juvenile-and-domestic-relations-district-courts\/\" title=\"Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts<\/a> (JDR)<\/li>\r\n<li>Filing an application with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dss.virginia.gov\/family\/dcse\/index.cgi\" title=\"Virginia Division of Child Support Enforcement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Division of Child Support Enforcement<\/a> (DCSE)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Once the courts or DCSE determine that the NCP owes child support, they will issue a child support order. This order is enforceable like any other court order.<\/p>\r\n<p>Most people start the process by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dss.virginia.gov\/family\/dcse\/applying.cgi\" title=\"submitting an application for child support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">submitting an application for child support<\/a> to a local branch of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dss.virginia.gov\/family\/dcse\/enforcement_actions.cgi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia\u2019s Division of Child Support Enforcement<\/a> (DCSE).<\/p>\r\n<p>The DCSE can help with the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Locating the NCP<\/li>\r\n<li>Establishing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/paternity\/legal-significance-of-paternity.html\">paternity<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Determining the NCP\u2019s support obligations<\/li>\r\n<li>Collecting and distributing support payments<\/li>\r\n<li>Enforcing support obligations through its Enforcement Division<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>Calculation of Support<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The courts calculate child support based on the child&#8217;s reasonable needs and the NCP\u2019s ability to pay. They use an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-calculations.html\" title=\"Income-Shares Model\">Income Shares Model<\/a>. This model assumes that the child should receive the same proportion of their parent\u2019s income regardless of whether their family is intact. Virginia\u2019s child support guidelines follow this approach.<\/p>\r\n<p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-guidelines.html\">federal child support guidelines law<\/a>, every state must implement, maintain, and publish its child support guidelines at least once every four years. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/100th-congress\/house-bill\/1720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Family Support Act of 1988<\/a> (FSA) requires that these guidelines be presumptive (mandatory) and not discretionary by family law judges.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Factors the Court Considers When Calculating Child Support<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The courts use special computer programs to calculate child support. These programs incorporate the state\u2019s child support guidelines to ensure that the amount of support in a particular case is fair and sufficient. The guidelines also consider the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/focusing-on-the-best-interests-of-the-child.html\" title=\"best interest of the child\">best interests of the child<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Federal law also requires that a state\u2019s child support guidelines consider all sources of income for the NCP, including, but not limited to, the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Monthly gross income<\/li>\r\n<li>Self-employment income<\/li>\r\n<li>Social security benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>Workers\u2019 compensation benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li>Capital gains<\/li>\r\n<li>Rental income<\/li>\r\n<li>Pensions<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-spousal-support-and-alimony-laws.html\" title=\"Alimony\/Spousal support\">Alimony\/Spousal support<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The Virginia family courts use a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vacourts.gov\/static\/forms\/district\/dc637.pdf\" title=\"child support worksheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child support worksheet<\/a> to determine how much the NCP must pay. This worksheet considers additional factors, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The number of children<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether one parent has sole custody (physical custody) or the parents share custody<\/li>\r\n<li>Childcare costs<\/li>\r\n<li>Custody arrangements<\/li>\r\n<li>Dental expenses<\/li>\r\n<li>Special needs of the child<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether the parents work full-time<\/li>\r\n<li>Tax consequences of the payor\u2019s monthly basic child support obligations<\/li>\r\n<li>Health care coverage<\/li>\r\n<li>Life insurance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>A judge automatically reviews the support amount every three (3) years. The payor can also request a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-modification.html\">modification of child support<\/a> if they experience a substantial change in circumstances.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Virginia Child Support Laws at a Glance<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The following table highlights the main provisions of Virginia child support laws. For further information, check out FindLaw&#8217;s sections on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody.html\">Child Custody<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-modification.html\">Child Support Modifications<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-child-support-enforcement.html\">Virginia Child Support Enforcement<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Virginia Child Support Guidelines Code Section<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Virginia Code <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-20-domestic-relations\/va-code-sect-20-108-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a720-108.2 et. seq.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Who Is Responsible for Paying Child Support?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Usually the non-custodial parent, but can be both parents if they have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-custody\/the-various-types-of-child-custody.html\" title=\"joint physical custody\">joint physical custody<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>How Does the Court Calculate Support?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vacourts.gov\/static\/forms\/district\/dc637.pdf\" title=\"Virginia Child Support Calculator Worksheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Child Support Calculator Worksheet<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>What Factors Affect Child Support Amounts?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Every child support case is different. The courts rely on the abovementioned factors and the average amount intact families spend on their children.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>What Does the Court Include in a Child Support Order?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>The child support order includes an allotment for the following expenses:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Food, clothing, and shelter<\/li>\r\n<li>Health insurance<\/li>\r\n<li>Education expenses<\/li>\r\n<li>Childcare expenses<\/li>\r\n<li>Extraordinary medical expenses<\/li>\r\n<li>Visitation travel costs<\/li>\r\n<li>Extracurricular activities<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>How Long Must a Parent Pay Child Support?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>The NCP must pay support until their child reaches the age of 18, but there is an exception to this rule. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-63-2-welfare-social-services\/va-code-sect-63-2-1916\/\" title=\"Virginia Statute \u00a763.2-1916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Statute \u00a763.2-1916<\/a>, parents must continue to pay child support for a child who is 19 but still a full-time high school student and not self-supporting.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Local Child Support Offices<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/dss.virginia.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Department of Social Services<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Where Can I Find Virginia Child Support Forms?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Forms are available on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dss.virginia.gov\/family\/dcse\/form.cgi\" title=\"Virginia Department of Social Services website\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Department of Social Services website<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>Can the Court Change a Support Order?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>Yes. Either party can ask to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/faq-regarding-modification-of-child-support-orders.html\" title=\"modify the order\">modify the order<\/a> if there has been a substantial change in circumstances. The petitioner must demonstrate a permanent, substantial, and unanticipated life change.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><p><b>What Happens if the Non-Custodial Parent Goes to Jail?<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<td><p>DCSE cannot collect support from an incarcerated non-custodial parent unless the parent is participating in a work-release program or has other attachable assets. The NCP continues to owe support while in jail or prison, and interest may accrue on any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/enforcement-and-collection-of-back-child-support.html\" title=\"arrears\">arrears<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><i><b>Disclaimer:<\/b><\/i> <i>State laws are subject to change through new legislation, higher court rulings, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information, consult a <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/family-law\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" title=\"family law attorney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>family law attorney<\/i><\/a><i> or conduct legal research to verify your state laws.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>A Virginia Family Law Attorney Can Help<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Figuring out who gets the kids during a divorce is extremely stressful, but it&#8217;s not the time to make a crucial mistake. Virginia\u2019s child support laws can be confusing, so it may be a good idea to consider consulting an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/family-law\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced Virginia child support attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" 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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex 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