{"id":376944,"date":"2018-05-31T12:07:42","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T17:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-drug-distribution-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-11-04T08:54:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T13:54:25","slug":"virginia-drug-distribution-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-drug-distribution-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Virginia Drug Distribution Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Virginia Drug Distribution Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 04, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Like most states, Virginia&#8217;s tolerance for drug possession does not extend to the sale, manufacture, or distribution of illegal drugs. A few drugs, like methamphetamine, have additional penalties known as enhancements for possession for sale. These can apply to <a href=\"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/title18.2\/chapter5\/section18.2-255.2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other aggravating factors<\/a> as well. Others, like marijuana, have separate statutes for types of prohibited sales.<\/p>\r\n<p>Virginia takes a serious stance on drug charges. Many drug distribution and sales charges have mandatory minimums. Prison sentences of five years and higher for distribution or manufacture are standard for second offenses.<\/p>\r\n<p>The best way to avoid a felony offense for drug sales is not to sell drugs. However, some drug offenses become possession for sale based on the amount you have. This article reviews Virginia&#8217;s drug laws and explains some of the details of the <a href=\"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacodepopularnames\/drug-control-act\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drug Control Act<\/a> in the Commonwealth of Virginia.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Virginia Drug Distribution Laws<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Virginia&#8217;s laws let judges decide if a transfer of drugs was an exchange for money, other considerations, or a sharing of goods. Courts treat sales for profit as a more serious offense than handing a joint to a buddy at a concert.<\/p>\r\n<p>Courts base sentences for drug charges on the amount of the substance and its classification or schedule. Virginia law follows the federal Controlled Substances Act and schedules drugs according to their medical use, risk of abuse, and safety.<\/p>\r\n<p>Courts infer <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">intent to manufacture<\/a> from the presence of precursor chemicals. Chemists can make some drugs, like methamphetamine, in a simple home lab with other items. The statute considers the possession of these chemicals worthy of the same felony charge as having the finished product.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Charges &amp; Penalties<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>The penalties for selling, manufacturing, or distributing drugs vary based on the type of drug. Like most states, Virginia classifies drugs into schedules.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Schedules I and II<\/h3>\r\n<p>Charges for sale, distribution, manufacturing, or possession with intent for any <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248.html#:~:text=respect%20to%20a-,controlled%20substance%20classified%20in%20Schedule%20I%20or%20II,-shall%20upon%20conviction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schedule I or Schedule II drug are all felonies<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><b>Schedule I<\/b> controlled substances have no known medical use, are addictive in nature, and present a high risk for abuse. Schedule I drugs include heroin and LSD.<\/li>\r\n<li><b>Schedule II<\/b> controlled substances have a high risk of abuse but have known medical uses. Cocaine, amphetamines, and fentanyl are Schedule II drugs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>There is no personal use quantity for a Schedule I or Schedule II drug. Penalties for sale, distribution, manufacturing, or possession with intent include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>First conviction: between five to 40 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000<\/li>\r\n<li>With one prior conviction: five years to life in prison (mandatory three years) and a fine of up to $500,000<\/li>\r\n<li>More than one prior conviction: Between 10 years to life in prison (mandatory 10 years) and a fine of up to $500,000<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Schedule III<\/h3>\r\n<p>Many <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248.html#:~:text=Any%20person%20who%20violates%20this%20section%20with%20respect%20to%20a%20controlled%20substance%20classified%20in%20Schedule%20III\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schedule III controlled substances<\/a> are available with a doctor&#8217;s prescription. They include codeine, oxycodone, and anabolic steroids. Possession without a prescription is a crime. The same is true for sale or manufacture without a license.<\/p>\r\n<p>Selling or distributing any amount of a Schedule III substance without a license is illegal. It is a Class 5 felony, punishable by one to 10 years in prison. The court may reduce the charge to a misdemeanor, which carries a maximum sentence of 12 months in jail and a fine of up to $2,500.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Schedule IV<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248.html#:~:text=controlled%20substance%20classified%20in%20Schedule%20IV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schedule IV controlled substances<\/a> include prescription sedatives and tranquilizers like Valium and Xanax. Any amount for sale or distribution without a license is a Class 6 felony punishable by one to five years in prison. The court may reduce the charge to a misdemeanor. Penalties include up to 12 months in jail and a fine of up to $2,500.<\/p>\r\n<p>Individuals who can prove they distributed, gave, or possessed with intent to give (without intent to profit) a Schedule III or Schedule IV substance are guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Violators face up to 12 months in jail and a fine of up to $2,500.<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>Schedule V and VI<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>Drug users sometimes use other substances, like inhalants, as intoxicants. Others, like pseudoephedrine, are precursor chemicals. Possession of these substances may not be illegal by themselves, but courts use them to prove intent to distribute or manufacture. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/anhydrous-ammonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anhydrous ammonia<\/a> is a fertilizer, but it&#8217;s also used for methamphetamine manufacture.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Methamphetamine<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Methamphetamine (meth) manufacture involves the use of toxic chemicals. These chemicals permeate any structure&#8217;s walls, floors, and ceiling, leaving it uninhabitable until after a hazardous materials cleanup. Manufacturers and traffickers must cover the costs of cleanup.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248-03.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penalties for manufacturing meth<\/a> include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>First conviction: between 10 to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000<\/li>\r\n<li>Second conviction: between 10 years to life<\/li>\r\n<li>Compensation for any property damage if the property owner is innocent of the crime<\/li>\r\n<li>If an individual owned the property, they must pay estimated cleanup expenses to the state&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-248-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Methamphetamine Cleanup Fund<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Courts can file drug distribution charges for substances containing specific Schedule I and II drugs. An individual can receive five years to life in prison and a fine of up to $1 million for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>100 or more grams of any substance with a detectable amount of heroin<\/li>\r\n<li>500 or more grams of any substance with a detectable amount of cocaine<\/li>\r\n<li>250 or more grams of any substance containing cocaine base crack cocaine<\/li>\r\n<li>10 or more grams of methamphetamine<\/li>\r\n<li>20 or more grams of any substance with a detectable amount of meth<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>100 grams of baby formula used to cut 10 grams of heroin is possession for distribution under Virginia law. If you&#8217;re uncertain about the possession charges you&#8217;re facing, it&#8217;s a good idea to speak with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/drug-crime\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia criminal defense attorne<\/a>y.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Marijuana<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Virginia legalized the possession and cultivation of marijuana for personal use in 2021. A companion law that would have legalized commercial sales died in the governor&#8217;s office during a regime change in 2024. Charges for the cultivation, packaging, sale, or distribution of marijuana remain felonies with mandatory minimum sentences:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Between 0.5 ounces and 5 pounds: Between one to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $2,500<\/li>\r\n<li>Between 5 pounds and 100 kilos: Between five to 30 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000.<\/li>\r\n<li>More than 100 kilos: Between 20 years to life in prison and a fine of up to $100,000<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Like methamphetamine, marijuana has <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-251-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">additional penalties<\/a> beyond possession or sales. In marijuana&#8217;s case, it is the prevalence of the drug and its proximity to juveniles that gives lawmakers concern. Enhanced penalties include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-251-1-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selling to a minor<\/a> who is at least three years younger: Between two to 50 years in prison and a fine of up to $100,000<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-255-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Within 1000 ft. of a school<\/a> or school bus stop: Between one to five years in prison and a fine of up to $100,000<\/li>\r\n<li>Illegal cultivation: Between five to 30 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000<\/li>\r\n<li>Transporting more than 5 pounds into Virginia: Between five to 40 years in prison and a fine of up to $1 million<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>Engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Virginia has its own definition of a &quot;continuing criminal enterprise&quot; as it applies to drug possession and distribution. Virginia&#8217;s continuing criminal enterprise charge is separate from a federal charge of racketeering or criminal enterprise. A continuing criminal enterprise in Virginia has at least one of the following elements:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/title18.2\/chapter7\/section18.2-248\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Possession with intent to sell or distribute<\/a> where the punishment is a felony<\/li>\r\n<li>By any individual together with five or more other individuals, as the organizer or supervisor, and who obtains a substantial income from the activity<\/li>\r\n<li>If the substance is a Schedule I or Schedule II drug or methamphetamine manufactured in association with or for the benefit of any criminal street gang<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>For instance, two college chemistry majors making meth in their dorm room would not be a &quot;continuing criminal enterprise,&quot; although they would be committing several major felonies. Ten buddies growing weed in their basement would be a continuing criminal enterprise. The greater the offense, the greater the chance the federal DEA will get involved.<\/p>\r\n<p><i><b>Note:<\/b><\/i> <i>Virginia state laws are subject to change through the passage of new legislation, court rulings that include federal decisions, ballot initiatives, and other means. It&#8217;s best to consult an attorney to learn how Virginia law applies to your unique case.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Virginia Drug Distribution Laws: Related Resources<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-marijuana-laws.html\">Virginia Marijuana Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-cocaine-laws.html\">Virginia Cocaine Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-heroin-laws.html\">Virginia Heroin Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vadoc.virginia.gov\/inmates-and-probationers\/incoming-inmates\/facility-programs\/cognitive\/drug-court\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Drug Court<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>Facing Drug Charges in Virginia? Get Legal Advice From a Virginia Criminal Defense Attorney<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Whether you&#8217;re facing a first offense for drug crimes or a drug paraphernalia charge, you&#8217;ll need legal help. An experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/drug-crime\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia drug crimes attorney<\/a> knows how to handle drug distribution offenses. They&#8217;ll examine your case, explain your options, and guide you through the legal system.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Drug distribution charges are extremely serious. Possessing a certain quantity of a drug can be considered intent to distribute by law enforcement. Learn about Virginia drug distribution laws at FindLaw.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":376885,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3506],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-376944","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_47_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=376944"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376944\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=376944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=376944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=376944"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=376944"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=376944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}