{"id":376956,"date":"2018-06-04T16:16:29","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T21:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-forgery-and-counterfeiting-laws-1.html"},"modified":"2018-06-06T10:42:17","modified_gmt":"2018-06-06T15:42:17","slug":"virginia-forgery-and-counterfeiting-laws-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-forgery-and-counterfeiting-laws-1.html","title":{"rendered":"Virginia Forgery and Counterfeiting Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Virginia Forgery and Counterfeiting Laws <\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 06, 2018\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>A drug addict replicates a physician&#39;s signature to obtain prescription medication; an opportunist creates a false deed of sale; an employee changes the figures on a check. These are examples of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/forgery.html\" target=\"_blank\">forgery<\/a>, a crime that includes a broad range of activities where the perpetrator intends to deceive a person or entity.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Forgery in Virginia<\/h2>\r\n<p>Specifically, in Virginia, you commit forgery when you (with the intent to commit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/fraud.html\" target=\"_blank\">fraud<\/a>) create, alter, or use a false document that affects another person&#39;s legal rights or responsibilities. To be a &quot;false&quot; document means that the writing was intentionally created or changed in a way that it becomes a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/misrepresentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misrepresentation<\/a>, giving rise to criminal charges or civil liability.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Counterfeiting in Virginia<\/h2>\r\n<p>Another form of forgery is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/counterfeiting.html\" target=\"_blank\">counterfeiting<\/a>, which involves a false version of the money (coins, bills, or notes) presently used in Virginia. It&#39;s illegal to make fake money and to pass it off or <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/utter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&quot;utter&quot;<\/a> fake money for value.<\/p>\r\n<h2>North Carolina Forgery and Counterfeiting Laws at a Glance<\/h2>\r\n<p>A lawyer&#39;s interpretation is necessary for a complete analysis of any statute. However, it never hurts to know what the law means without having to decipher legal jargon; having explanations in everyday terms and phrases can help. The chart below provides a summary of statutes related to Virginia&#39;s forgery and counterfeiting laws.<\/p>\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Statutes<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-168.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-168<\/a> (<i>forging, uttering public records<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-169.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-169<\/a> (<i>forging or keeping an instrument for forging<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-172-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-172<\/a> (<i>forging, uttering other writings<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-170.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-170<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-171.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-171<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-173.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-173<\/a> (<i>counterfeiting offenses<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><b>Penalties and Sentencing<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Forging public records and uttering a forged public document:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Class 4 felony, punishable by a minimum <b>prison term of 2 years, maximum term of 10 years and\/or fines up to $100,000.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Keeping an instrument for forging:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Class 4 felony, punishable by a <b>prison term of 2-10 years and\/or fines not to exceed $100,000.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Forging and <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/utter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uttering<\/a> other writings:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Class 5 felony, punishable by <b>2-10 years prison time, fines up to $2,500 or both.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Knowingly possessing counterfeit money:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>If the actor possessed less than 10 forged coins or notes simultaneously, it constitutes a Class 3 misdemeanor, penalized by a <b>fine up to $500.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<li>More than 10 coins or notes: Class 6 felony, punishable with up to <b>5 years in prison.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Making or possessing counterfeiting tools:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Class 4 felony, punished by <b>2-10 years prison time and\/or a fine up to $100,000.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Possible Defenses<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>Mistake of fact<\/li>\r\n<li>Lack of intent<\/li>\r\n<li>Consent<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Related Offenses<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-178.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-178<\/a> (<i>obtaining money or signature by pretense:<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-186-3-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-186.3<\/a> (<i>identity fraud<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<p><b><i>Note:<\/i><\/b> <i>State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts (including federal decisions), ballot initiatives, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information available, please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h2>Virginia Forgery and Counterfeiting Laws: Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-criminal-laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">Virginia Criminal Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-criminal-statute-of-limitations-laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">Virginia Criminal Statute of Limitations Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-identity-theft-laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">Virginia Identity Theft Laws<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Take Control of your Forgery Case with a Virginia Attorney&#39;s Help<\/h2>\r\n<p>Virginia&#39;s forgery and counterfeiting laws are complex and convoluted. If you&#39;ve been accused of violating their provisions, you should be proactive in defending yourself. Take control of your case by consulting with an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> who can evaluate the evidence and your available options right away.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw&#8217;s overview of forgery and counterfeiting laws in Virginia. Find out more about this and other related topics at FindLaw&#8217;s Virginia Criminal Law section. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":376885,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3506],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-376956","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_47_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=376956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376956\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=376956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=376956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=376956"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=376956"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=376956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}