{"id":377004,"date":"2018-06-07T17:21:55","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T22:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-second-degree-murder-laws.html"},"modified":"2025-06-17T14:08:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T19:08:01","slug":"virginia-second-degree-murder-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-second-degree-murder-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Virginia Second Degree Murder Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Virginia Second Degree Murder Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 17, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Second-degree murder in Virginia covers unlawful killings that do not fall under aggravated or first-degree murder. These can include killings from extreme recklessness or unintentional deaths resulting from the commission of a felony. It is punishable by 5 to 40 years in prison and fines up to $100,000.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Second-degree murder is just one form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide-definition.html\">homicide<\/a> in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The other types of criminal homicide include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Aggravated murder<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/first-degree-murder-overview.html\">First-degree murder<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-voluntary-manslaughter-law.html\" title=\"Voluntary manslaughter\">Voluntary manslaughter<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-involuntary-manslaughter-law.html\" title=\"Involuntary manslaughter\">Involuntary manslaughter<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>When it comes to degrees of murder, the law in Virginia is very clear. Any murder that doesn\u2019t qualify as aggravated murder or first-degree murder is second-degree murder. In this way, the charge of second-degree murder serves as a \u201ccatch-all.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p>Since the penalties for first-degree and <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-31\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggravated murder<\/a> are so much more severe than they are for second-degree murder, defense attorneys will often try to convince the prosecutor to reduce their client&#8217;s charges to second-degree murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>Here, we\u2019ll explain how second-degree laws work in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including the penalties and common defenses. If you\u2019re facing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/second-degree-murder-overview.html#:~:text=Second-degree%20murder%20is%20killing%20someone%20with%20malice%20aforethought.,explained%20by%20first%20talking%20briefly%20about%20first-degree%20murder.\">second-degree murder<\/a> charges or any other criminal charge, contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" title=\"local criminal defense lawyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local criminal defense lawyer<\/a> as soon as possible. They can protect your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights.html\" title=\"constitutional rights\">constitutional rights<\/a> and help you build a defense strategy.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Virginia Second-Degree Murder Laws at a Glance<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>Although the Virginia Code clearly distinguishes between first-degree murder and second-degree murder, it doesn&#8217;t provide much clarification. The chart below provides an overview of Virginia&#8217;s second-degree murder laws.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody><tr><td><p><b>Statutes<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><ul>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-32.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-32<\/a> (<i>First and second degree murder defined; punishment<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-33.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-33<\/a> (<i>Felony homicide defined; punishment<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Va. Code Ann. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18.2-10<\/a> (<i>Punishment for conviction of felony; penalty<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Definition of second-degree murder<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>All unlawful killings that do not qualify as either aggravated murder or first-degree murder are second-degree murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>Examples of second-degree murder:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Killings resulting from extreme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/recklessness.html\">recklessness<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Killings committed with the intent to cause <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/serious-bodily-injury.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">serious physical injury<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Killings where the perpetrator had a &quot;depraved mind&quot; and no regard for human life<\/li>\r\n<li>Accidental deaths that occur as a result of a felony (felony homicide)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Penalties and sentencing<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><p>Second-degree murder carries a prison sentence of 5 to 40 years and a fine of up to $100,000.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Possible defenses<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td><div>&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Mistake of fact<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/self-defense-overview.html\">Self-defense<\/a> or defense of others<\/li>\r\n<li>Insanity<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<h2>Key Differences Between First-Degree Murder and Second-Degree Murder in Virginia<\/h2>\r\n<p>Whether a person faces first-degree or second-degree murder charges depends on the facts of the case and what the state prosecutor can prove. For a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/first-degree-murder-overview.html\">first-degree murder<\/a> conviction, the state must prove the defendant committed a willful, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/premeditated.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">premeditated<\/a>, and deliberate killing of another human being.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the state cannot prove premeditation, the prosecutor will likely <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/plea-bargaining-areas-of-negotiation.html\">reduce the charges<\/a> to second-degree murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>While both of these are serious crimes, the penalties vary greatly. A defendant is much better off facing second-degree murder charges than aggravated murder or first-degree murder charges.<\/p>\r\n<h3>What is Aggravated Murder Under Virginia Law?<\/h3>\r\n<p>Until March 2021, Virginia had the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-capital-punishment-laws.html#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20the%20Commonwealth%20of%20Virginia%20abolished%20capital,state%20of%20the%20former%20Confederacy%20to%20do%20so.\">death penalty<\/a> for convictions of capital murder. When lawmakers abolished the death penalty in March 2021, the Virginia Code converted what used to be capital murder into a new charge called aggravated murder, which is a Class 1 felony.<\/p>\r\n<p>The elements of aggravated murder are almost the same as they were for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/criminal-laws\/capital-punishment.html\">capital murder<\/a>. For the state to secure an aggravated murder conviction, it must prove that specific facts exist.<\/p>\r\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-31\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virginia Code Section 18.2-31<\/a>, the state must prove that the case meets one of the following criteria to convict someone of aggravated murder, a Class 1 felony.<\/p>\r\n<p><b>1. If the victim must belong to one of the following groups:<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Law enforcement officer or police officer<\/li>\r\n<li>Judge<\/li>\r\n<li>Witness in a criminal case<\/li>\r\n<li>Pregnant woman (with the intent to terminate the pregnancy)<\/li>\r\n<li>Child under the age of 14 (if the defendant is at least 21 years old)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>2. If the defendant caused the death of another human being during the commission or attempt to commit the following felonies:<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-robbery-laws.html\">Robbery<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Rape<\/li>\r\n<li>Abduction\/kidnapping<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>3. Other specific aggravating factors exist, including but not limited to:<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The defendant has committed multiple murders over the prior three-year period<\/li>\r\n<li>The method of death was extremely brutal and cruel, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-commentary\/defining-and-redefining-torture.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">torture<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>The killing was carried out as a murder for hire<\/li>\r\n<li>The murder was part of an act of terrorism (or attempted terrorism)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><i>Note: Other first-degree murders, including first-degree felony homicide, qualify as Class 2 felonies.<\/i><\/p>\r\n<h3>Felony Murder<\/h3>\r\n<p>In many states, prosecutors can pursue <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/felony-murder.html\">felony murder charges<\/a> if someone dies while the defendant commits, attempts to commit, or flees from committing a felony. Even if the defendant did not intend to kill anyone. Most jurisdictions treat felony murder as murder of the first degree, and the two crimes share the same penalties.<\/p>\r\n<p>Virginia law treats felony murder a bit differently. Killing someone during the commission of one of the following felonies is considered first-degree murder:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-burglary-laws.html\" title=\"Arson\">Arson<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-rape-and-sexual-battery-laws.html\" title=\"Rape\">Rape<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-67-1\/\" title=\"Forcible sodomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forcible sodomy<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-robbery-laws.html\" title=\"Robbery\">Robbery<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/virginia-law\/virginia-burglary-laws.html\" title=\"Burglary\">Burglary<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-47\/\" title=\"Abduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abduction<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This is similar to the felony murder rule in most states. However, Virginia also has a separate charge for <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/va\/title-18-2-crimes-and-offenses-generally\/va-code-sect-18-2-33\/\" title=\"felony homicide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">felony homicide<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>If a defendant <i>accidentally<\/i> kills someone during the commission of any non-murder felony, they can be charged with felony homicide. It is a second-degree murder charge punishable by up to 40 years in prison.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, let&#8217;s say a person robs a bank. And during the getaway, they clip a bicyclist with their car, and the bicyclist dies. The robber can be charged with second-degree murder under Virginia&#8217;s felony homicide statute.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Penalties for Aggravated Murder, First-Degree Murder, and Second-Degree Murder<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you\u2019re dealing with a criminal case in Virginia, you should understand the differences between first-degree murder and second-degree murder. The penalties for these crimes vary significantly:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>A person found guilty of first-degree murder in Virginia faces a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/mandatory-sentences-uniformity-and-consistency.html\">minimum sentence<\/a> of 20 years.<\/li>\r\n<li>The minimum sentence for second-degree murder is only five years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/sentencing-law-faq.html\">maximum sentences<\/a> for these crimes are significantly different as well. Anybody who intentionally kills another human being is going to face severe consequences. However, a person guilty of second-degree murder has a much bigger chance of getting out of prison at some point as compared to someone with a first-degree murder conviction.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The maximum sentence for first-degree murder and aggravated murder is <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/life-sentence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life imprisonment<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>The maximum sentence for murder in the second degree is only 40 years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>That still sounds like a long time. However, at least with a second-degree murder conviction, a defendant has the chance to get out of prison at some point. That isn\u2019t the case for aggravated murder and may not be the case for people guilty of first-degree murder.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help for Your Virginia Second-Degree Murder Case<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you&#8217;re facing any type of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/view-all-criminal-charges.html\">murder charge<\/a> in Virginia, you should understand that your freedom is at risk. Regardless of whether you\u2019re guilty of first-degree murder or second-degree murder, a conviction carries a lengthy prison sentence.<\/p>\r\n<p>To improve your chances of an acquittal or favorable plea bargain, you should retain an experienced Virginia criminal defense lawyer. <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/virginia\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experienced criminal defense attorneys<\/a> have experience handling second-degree murder cases and will help achieve the best possible outcome.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n   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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw explains Virginia&#8217;s second-degree murder laws, including the penalties and defenses to second-degree murder and felony murder in Virginia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":376885,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2743],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[3506],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-377004","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-state","state_laws_tags-statelaws_47_1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/377004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=377004"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/377004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":399350,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/377004\/revisions\/399350"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/376885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=377004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=377004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=377004"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=377004"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=377004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}