{"id":377175,"date":"2016-03-31T21:37:16","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T02:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/state\/west-virginia-law\/west-virginia-adoption-laws.html"},"modified":"2024-11-14T17:01:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T22:01:16","slug":"west-virginia-adoption-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/west-virginia-law\/west-virginia-adoption-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"West Virginia Adoption Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">West Virginia Adoption Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            November 14, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>West Virginia adoption laws protect the rights of the birth parents, the adoptive parents, and the child&#8217;s best interests. Families considering adoption must go through a screening process and home study before meeting an adoptive child.<\/p>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/dhhr.wv.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources<\/a> (DHHR) handles foster care and adoption. Prospective adoptive parents may work with a private adoption agency. But the West Virginia courts oversee the adoption finalization.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>West Virginia Adoption Laws<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>West Virginia doesn&#8217;t have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/who-may-adopt-overview.html\">minimum age for adoption<\/a>. Any adult may adopt any child whose parents have terminated their parental rights. Single people may adopt. Married couples can adopt if both spouses sign the adoption petition.<\/p>\r\n<p>Adoptive families must have a home study before having a child placed in the home. Families may have the study done by a private adoption agency, but DHHR must approve the agency. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wvdhhr.org\/bcf\/policy\/adoption\/Adoption_Policy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">home study<\/a> includes:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>An assessment of the financial and employment status of the parents<\/li>\r\n<li>Interviews with all members of the household. Everyone in the home over 12 must agree to the adoption<\/li>\r\n<li>Reference checks and interviews with at least five friends or relatives<\/li>\r\n<li>Criminal background checks screening for histories of abuse or neglect<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Families may complete the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/the-adoption-home-study-process.html\">home study<\/a> before the adoption process begins. They must renew it annually (for private adoptions) or every three years (for public adoptions).<\/p>\r\n<h3><b>Consents<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<p>West Virginia adoptions can&#8217;t happen unless all parties consent or have had their parental rights terminated by court order. <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wv\/chapter-48-domestic-relations\/wv-code-sect-48-22-301\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Required consents or relinquishments<\/a> include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The birth parents, if married, or the birth mother and identified birth father or biological father<\/li>\r\n<li>Any man who has a paternity action filed at the time of the adoption<\/li>\r\n<li>Parents who are under &quot;disability&quot; (incarcerated or hospitalized) or who have <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wv\/chapter-48-domestic-relations\/wv-code-sect-48-22-306.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">abandoned the child<\/a> may have their rights terminated by the court<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>Types of Adoption<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>West Virginia categorizes adoptions as either &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/stepparent-adoption-faq-s.html\">stepparent adoption<\/a>,&quot; when the spouse of a parent becomes the adoptive parent of a child, or &quot;third party&quot; adoption, which are all other adoptions.<\/p>\r\n<p>Third-party adoptions include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/foster-care.html\">Foster care<\/a> adoptions<\/li>\r\n<li>Relative adoptions<\/li>\r\n<li>Private agency adoptions<\/li>\r\n<li>Interstate and International adoptions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In the state of West Virginia, grandparents and other relatives have priority for placement for children removed from their parents (<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/wv\/chapter-49-west-virginia-child-welfare-act\/wv-code-sect-49-4-114\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a749-4-114 (3)<\/a>). Foster parents who have passed home studies and established a long-term relationship with the child also have priority.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>The Adoption Process<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>After the home study, the adoptee can move in with the prospective parents. During the adoption proceedings, a social worker continues visiting the adoptive family to ensure the process goes smoothly.<\/p>\r\n<p>West Virginia does not have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/faq-about-open-adoptions.html\">open adoptions<\/a>. If birth parents and adoptive parents want an open agreement, they can have an attorney write one, but the state will not enforce it. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/resources\/access-adoption-records-west-virginia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birth parents and adoptee<\/a> can sign up to find one another when the child is an adult if they wish, and the state will notify both sides they are on the registry.<\/p>\r\n<p>The child must live with the adoptive parents for at least six months before the final order of adoption. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/consent-to-adoption-introduction.html\">Children 12 and older<\/a> must consent to their adoption.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Get Legal Advice from a West Virginia Adoption Attorney<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>West Virginia adoption professionals can help families decide whether to adopt a child or consent to their baby&#8217;s adoption. Before making a final adoption decision, talk to an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/adoption\/west-virginia?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Virginia adoption attorney<\/a> for details.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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