{"id":389318,"date":"2026-01-26T11:11:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T16:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/?page_id=389318"},"modified":"2026-01-26T11:01:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T16:01:03","slug":"do-you-have-the-right-to-record-interactions-with-police","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/do-you-have-the-right-to-record-interactions-with-police.html","title":{"rendered":"Do You Have the Right To Record Interactions With Police?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Do You Have the Right To Record Interactions With Police?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/carol-clasby-j-d\/\">Carol Clasby, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 26, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>In general, you have the right to <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330161\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330161\"> officers<\/span> performing their duties in public. This right is protected by the First Amendment, as established through numerous federal court rulings, although the Supreme Court has not directly ruled on the issue. While you can typically use your <span data-term-id=\"56330174\">cell phone<\/span> or other devices to record on-duty <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">law enforcement<\/span> in <span data-term-id=\"56330163\">public spaces<\/span>, there are limits on this right, and the specific rules vary depending on where you live.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">Police activity<\/span> is under scrutiny in many areas. With the advent of smartphones, the public started using their <span data-term-id=\"56330174\">cell phones<\/span> to <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record police<\/span> interactions. In response, <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">law enforcement<\/span> agencies added dash cameras and body cameras to record their actions. In the courtroom, <span data-term-id=\"56330180\">video recordings<\/span> can be critical evidence.<\/p>\n<p>If you use your <span data-term-id=\"56330174\">cell phone<\/span> to <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\"> activity<\/span>, you should <span data-term-id=\"56330172\">know your rights<\/span> and your responsibilities. This is regardless of whether it\u2019s your own encounter or someone else&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>This article provides general information about your rights when recording the police. Laws vary by state and jurisdiction, and complex legal questions often arise. For advice about your specific situation, consult with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">qualified attorney<\/a> in your area.<\/p>\n<h2>Your <span data-term-id=\"56330170\">Constitutional Rights<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The First Amendment protects your right to <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\"> activity<\/span> through its guarantees of <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-speech.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u><span data-term-id=\"56330191\">free speech<\/span><\/u><\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/first-amendment-freedom-of-the-press.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>free press<\/u><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/does-the-first-amendment-protect-protestors.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>freedom of assembly<\/u><\/a>. It doesn\u2019t explicitly state a right to record <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">law enforcement<\/span>, but this constitutional protection has been defined through federal case law and the precedents set by federal appellate court rulings.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The founding fathers could not foresee today\u2019s technology, which puts <span data-term-id=\"56330169\">recording devices<\/span> in the hands of so many people. However, they mandated the protection of the freedom of speech in the First Amendment to the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>If <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">law enforcement<\/span> or other <span data-term-id=\"56330167\">government officials<\/span> violate this right, you can address it federal court. A successful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/42-u-s-code-section-1983.html\"><u>civil rights lawsuit<\/u><\/a> could stop the unlawful restriction on your speech, award you damages (money), or both.<\/p>\n<h2>Understanding What the Law Allows\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>As a general rule, you can <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\"> activity<\/span> if you are lawfully present:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In a <span data-term-id=\"56330168\">public place<\/span> (such as a park or city street)<\/li>\n<li>At a publicly accessible place (like a grocery store or other business open to the public)<\/li>\n<li>On your own <span data-term-id=\"56330164\">private property<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Being &#8216;lawfully present&#8217; means you have a legal right to be where you are. If you&#8217;re trespassing or in a restricted area, you may not have the right to record there.<\/p>\n<h2>Your Responsibilities and Legal Limitations<\/h2>\n<p>While <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">recording police<\/span> is generally seen as protected speech, your right to record does not allow you to jeopardize anyone\u2019s safety (including your own) or interfere with police work. To stay within legal bounds, it\u2019s essential to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keep your distance<\/li>\n<li>Respect secured areas (stay behind the \u201cdo not cross\u201d tape)<\/li>\n<li>Obey lawful orders<\/li>\n<li>Avoid interfering with <span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police activities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A lawful order might be \u201cstep back 20 feet.\u201d An order to stop recording simply because the officer doesn&#8217;t want to be filmed is likely not lawful. FindLaw\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/is-it-legal-to-videotape-record-police\/#h-legal-tips-for-recording\"><u>Legal Tips for Recording<\/u><\/a> offers more details on how to lawfully <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\"> activity<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>State Laws on Recording <span data-term-id=\"56330186\">Law Enforcement<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330186\"> Officers<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Each state has its own constitution and laws. Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/article6\/annotation02.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Supremacy Clause<\/u><\/a> of the Constitution, federal law prevails over state law when they conflict. Federal <span data-term-id=\"56330170\">constitutional rights<\/span> act as a minimum, but states can provide more protection.<\/p>\n<p>This means a state cannot prohibit you from <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">recording police<\/span>, as that would fall below the federal constitutional floor. Each jurisdiction can build on its protections by offering additional coverage. For instance, a state might:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide stronger penalties for officers who unlawfully interfere with recording<\/li>\n<li>Explicitly protect recording rights in its state constitution<\/li>\n<li>Create a presumption that <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">recording police<\/span> is always lawful unless specific interference is proven<\/li>\n<li>Require police departments to have policies protecting the public&#8217;s right to record<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In practice, some states offer protections equal to the federal right to <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">record police<\/span>, while others provide greater protections. These state-level protections may come from state constitutions, statutes, or court decisions.<\/p>\n<p>State courts may also have additional options available for enforcing your right to record beyond what federal courts offer. Depending on the state, remedies may include: stopping the unlawful restriction on recording, declaring restrictions unconstitutional, awarding monetary damages, awarding attorney&#8217;s fees, and requiring official records to be corrected.<\/p>\n<h3>One-Party vs. Two-Party Consent Laws<\/h3>\n<p>When it comes to balancing freedom of speech with the right to privacy, federal law follows a \u201cone-party consent\u201d standard. This means one party must be aware of and consent to the recording, and that person can be the recorder.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/workplace-privacy\/is-it-legal-to-record-your-boss-or-coworkers.html\"><u>State laws on consent<\/u><\/a> can either follow the federal standard or provide more protection. Most states follow the federal standard, but these fourteen states currently require two-party or all-party consent for a recording to be lawful:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>California<\/li>\n<li>Connecticut<\/li>\n<li>Delaware<\/li>\n<li>Florida<\/li>\n<li>Illinois<\/li>\n<li>Maryland<\/li>\n<li>Massachusetts<\/li>\n<li>Michigan<\/li>\n<li>Montana<\/li>\n<li>Nevada<\/li>\n<li>New Hampshire<\/li>\n<li>Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Pennsylvania<\/li>\n<li>Washington<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As state laws are subject to change, be sure to confirm the laws in the locale where you plan to film.<\/p>\n<h3>Other Considerations: Audio vs. <span data-term-id=\"56330180\">Video Recording<\/span>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<p>Consent laws generally allow <span data-term-id=\"56330180\">video recording<\/span> of <span data-term-id=\"56330161\">police officers<\/span> doing their jobs in public. <span data-term-id=\"56330165\">Audio recordings<\/span> of <span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police activity<\/span> are often legal, but they can raise consent and privacy concerns if made in private places or without the subject&#8217;s knowledge. <span data-term-id=\"56330165\">Audio recordings<\/span> may be subject to greater scrutiny under <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/wiretapping.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>wiretap laws<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">Law Enforcement<\/span> Can and Cannot Do About Being Recorded<\/h2>\n<p>While <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">recording <\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330177\"> activity<\/span> may be protected <span data-term-id=\"56330191\">free speech<\/span>, that doesn\u2019t mean the police will not take notice. If you record a <span data-term-id=\"56330189\">police encounter<\/span> as a <span data-term-id=\"56330194\">private citizen<\/span>, the following situations may present themselves.<\/p>\n<h3>Can a <span data-term-id=\"56330161\">Police Officer<\/span> Ask You To Stop Recording?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/if-you-record-police-misconduct-should-you-put-the-video-online\/#section-0-police-action-can-almost-always-be-recorded\"><u>Police action can almost always be recorded<\/u><\/a>. A <span data-term-id=\"56330186\">law enforcement<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56330186\"> officer<\/span> may request that you stop recording, but you are not necessarily required to comply.<\/p>\n<p>Police can lawfully restrict recording only when the person recording is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Not lawfully present<\/li>\n<li>Interfering with police work<\/li>\n<li>Violating privacy laws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You must follow a lawful order supported by safety or legal justification. Recording in a <span data-term-id=\"56330168\">public place<\/span> from a legal location without causing trouble is usually protected. This holds true even if officers don&#8217;t want to be recorded.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Can <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">Law Enforcement<\/span> Take Your Device or Delete Your Recording?<\/h3>\n<p>Even if you film police while they are performing their <span data-term-id=\"56330175\">official duties<\/span> out in public, an officer could still potentially be justified in taking your <span data-term-id=\"56330174\">cell phone<\/span>. The police can only take your <span data-term-id=\"56330169\">recording device<\/span> under limited circumstances without violating your <span data-term-id=\"56330166\">First Amendment rights<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In general, <span data-term-id=\"56330160\">law enforcement<\/span> may seize your device only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/can-police-take-your-phone-if-you-video-record-or-photograph-them\/\">with <span data-term-id=\"56330179\">probable cause<\/span> that it contains <span data-term-id=\"56330181\">evidence of a crime<\/span><\/a>. The phone itself might be seized during a lawful arrest, but accessing its contents typically requires a warrant.<\/p>\n<p>Password-protecting your phone adds a layer of security. The police require a <span data-term-id=\"56330173\">search warrant<\/span> to obtain your password to access the recording.<\/p>\n<h2>Your Potential Legal Consequences<\/h2>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56330180\">Video recordings<\/span> of police actions boost the agency&#8217;s accountability. This must be balanced with safety and obstruction-of-justice issues. If you decide to film <span data-term-id=\"56330177\">police activity<\/span>, you run the risk of being arrested, even if you\u2019ve taken the time to ensure your activity is lawful.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If you are arrested for lawfully <span data-term-id=\"56330162\">recording police<\/span>, the arrest itself may violate your civil rights. You may have legal remedies available through a civil rights lawsuit. However, whether the arrest is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-is-an-arrest-a-legal-arrest.html\"><u>lawful<\/u><\/a> or not, you will have to go through the legal process to clear your name.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Besides potential criminal action, you may be subject to a civil lawsuit. <span data-term-id=\"56330161\">Police officers<\/span> on duty in public may not have a reasonable expectation of privacy, but other people you record might. This can apply to people in private settings and could affect the legality of your recording.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions About Recording the Police? Contact an Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>If the police arrest you for recording, take your device, or delete your recording, it\u2019s time for legal help. The police may have violated your federal and state rights. Speaking with either a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>civil rights attorney<\/u><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>a criminal defense attorney<\/u><\/a> can help you better understand your legal position. A lawyer will examine your case, explain your options, and stand with you in court.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path 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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div 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Learn about your rights, protections, and potential issues with recording law enforcement activity at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51448,"featured_media":0,"parent":355690,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2736],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-389318","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-civilrights"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/389318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51448"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=389318"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/389318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":401109,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/389318\/revisions\/401109"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=389318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=389318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=389318"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=389318"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=389318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}