{"id":402538,"date":"2026-08-06T09:44:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T14:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/?page_id=402538"},"modified":"2026-08-06T10:38:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T15:38:55","slug":"buy-sell-agreements-for-business-succession","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/buy-sell-agreements-for-business-succession.html","title":{"rendered":"Buy-Sell Agreements for Business Succession"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"mdadded blockAdded user_id-51448  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\" suggestion_id=\"\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Buy-Sell Agreements for Business Succession<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            August 06, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>A <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"59442715\">legally binding contract<\/span> that outlines how a co-owner&#8217;s business interest will be reassigned if they leave due to retirement, disability, or death. This business <span data-term-id=\"59442708\">succession plan<\/span> protects <span data-term-id=\"59442704\">ownership interests<\/span>, prevents disputes, and establishes clear <span data-term-id=\"59442701\">valuation methods<\/span> for buyouts.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div><p>Despite the name, a <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> has nothing to do with the buying and selling of a business. A <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> is part of a business <span data-term-id=\"59442708\">succession plan<\/span> to ensure continuity if a partner or co-owner leaves the business for any reason. The <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> helps ensure that <span data-term-id=\"59442704\">ownership interests<\/span> are protected and stay within the company.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"59442715\">legally binding contract<\/span> that protects the other partners and owners in a business from possible disputes. It provides a source of funding for <span data-term-id=\"59442705\">business partners<\/span> who may have difficulty buying out a co-owner in the event of a departure.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">Buy-Sell Agreement<\/span>?<\/h2>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> outlines how an ownership share of a <span data-term-id=\"59442734\">business will<\/span> be transferred if an owner or partner leaves the company for any reason. If a partner dies, retires, or must step down for other reasons, the buy-sell contract sets the terms of a sale, dictates who can buy shares, and determines how the business is valued for the buyout.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> often provides a source of funding for the purchase. This helps partners avoid scrambling for funds in an emergency. <span data-term-id=\"59442709\">Life insurance<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59442709\"> policies<\/span> are a common source of funding for <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Components of a <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">Buy-Sell Agreement<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>An effective <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> must have three core components. These are not legal requirements, but they must be included for a workable agreement. They are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-term-id=\"59442699\">Triggering Events<\/span><\/strong>: The agreement must spell out what activates the agreement. <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">Triggering events<\/span> may be death, disability or incapacity, or termination from the company.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-term-id=\"59442701\">Valuation Method<\/span>:<\/strong> <span data-term-id=\"59442717\">Business valuation<\/span> should be done at the time the agreement is written, and it should also include a method of valuing the business if the agreement is activated. Ownership shares can be valued through a straight division by partners, <span data-term-id=\"59442724\">independent appraisal<\/span>, or other methods. Having a settled procedure in place can save the survivors from headaches.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Funding Mechanism:<\/strong> The remaining partners or owners may not have the immediate cash to buy out the departing owner or their estate. The <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">triggering event<\/span> should activate a life or <span data-term-id=\"59442721\">disability insurance<\/span> policy to buy out the owner. Other options may include a lump-sum payment from the business itself, or allowing the other owners to make <span data-term-id=\"59442722\">installment payments<\/span> to the departing party.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If this sounds complicated, that\u2019s because it usually is. Consider speaking with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business law attorney<\/a> when drafting a <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">Buy-Sell Agreements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"59442696\">Buy-sell agreements<\/span> are common in <span data-term-id=\"59442698\">partnerships<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"59442725\">closely-held businesses<\/span> that need to maintain <span data-term-id=\"59442710\">business continuity<\/span> when one of a small number of owners or partners leaves. The type of agreement used depends on the needs of the <span data-term-id=\"59442707\">business entity<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In a <strong><span data-term-id=\"59442700\">cross-purchase agreement<\/span><\/strong>, the other partners agree to buy the departing partner\u2019s shares in the business. <span data-term-id=\"59442700\">Cross-purchase agreements<\/span> work well for small businesses with few owners or partners. Partners can take out term <span data-term-id=\"59442709\">life insurance<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59442709\"> policies<\/span> on one another and use the funds to purchase their shares. <span data-term-id=\"59442721\">Disability insurance<\/span> can be used for the same purpose.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"59442700\">Cross-purchase agreements<\/span> can be used for retirement, divorce, and <span data-term-id=\"59442711\">bankruptcy<\/span>, although the legal language becomes more complex. Under a <span data-term-id=\"59442700\">cross-purchase agreement<\/span>, surviving partners who buy a deceased owner&#8217;s shares receive an income tax basis step-up equal to the purchase price.<\/p>\n<p>In an <strong><span data-term-id=\"59442716\">Entity-Purchase Agreement<\/span>,<\/strong> also known as a redemption agreement, the company itself buys the departing partner\u2019s shares by having insurance policies on each owner. The company is listed as the beneficiary and pays the premiums.<\/p>\n<p>In an <span data-term-id=\"59442716\">entity-purchase agreement<\/span>, the company is legally obligated to use the money to purchase the shares. The decedent\u2019s estate must sell the shares to the company, which redeems the shares. The remaining owners generally do not receive an increased tax basis in their own holdings.<\/p>\n<p>It is possible to have a <strong><span data-term-id=\"59442723\">hybrid agreement<\/span><\/strong> and use both methods for different circumstances. It\u2019s a good idea to work with a <strong>business law attorney<\/strong> if considering either of these agreements.<\/p>\n<h2>Getting Legal Advice for Your Agreement<\/h2>\n<p>The basics of a <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> can make it seem straightforward. Define your <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">trigger events<\/span>, make sure you have a funding arrangement, and sign on the dotted line. Some websites offer DIY\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreements<\/span>\u00a0for startup businesses, along with incorporation documents and <span data-term-id=\"59442720\">operating agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Unless one of the owners\/partners has a strong background in business law, a DIY <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> is not a good idea. A poorly-written agreement is probably worse than not having one at all. There are many factors to consider with the agreement that your attorney or <span data-term-id=\"59442728\">financial advisor<\/span> can explain. Most attorneys advise consulting an estate planner as well, since the <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">trigger event<\/span> may be one partner\u2019s retirement. Common issues encountered while drafting an agreement include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Purchase prices<\/strong>: A <span data-term-id=\"59442702\">fixed price<\/span> that fails to account for changes in market value or changes in the value of the company itself can cause huge problems. Any definition of \u201c<span data-term-id=\"59442735\">fair market value<\/span>\u201d needs to include goodwill and business contacts.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-term-id=\"59442732\">Restrictions on transfer<\/span><\/strong>: Any provisions to limit access to future partners must be part of your initial agreement. For instance, if a <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">triggering event<\/span> is one partner\u2019s divorce, can their ex-spouse buy in? A related issue is \u201c<span data-term-id=\"59442731\">right of first refusal<\/span>.\u201d If a partner wishes to sell their shares, do their partners have the right to buy them out first? What if they can\u2019t afford to do so? Any agreement must account for these disagreements.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-term-id=\"59442714\">Tax implications<\/span><\/strong>: Some post-death transfers may create capital gains or <span data-term-id=\"59442703\">estate tax<\/span> issues for the business or other entities. Your estate planner or tax attorney can help you avoid some of those problems before the fact, but not after.<\/li>\n<li><strong>State laws<\/strong>: How your business is set up can affect the transfer of ownership. For instance, corporations, <span data-term-id=\"59442712\">limited liability companies<\/span> (LLCs), and <span data-term-id=\"59442698\">partnerships<\/span> are governed by state codes. State laws can affect creditor claims, spousal rights, and stock-certificate legends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">skilled attorney<\/a> can help you avoid any legal pitfalls and ensure your <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> is sound.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Advice From a Business Law Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>Ensuring a smooth transfer of business operations if an owner or partner leaves the company is just as critical as starting the company in the first place. You can do this by having a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business law attorney<\/a> draft your <span data-term-id=\"59442696\">buy-sell agreement<\/span> and make certain it includes all the details you need. Speaking with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/taxation-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tax attorney<\/a> is also a good move. Eliminating mistakes while drafting is much better than dealing with them after a <span data-term-id=\"59442699\">triggering event<\/span>.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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