{"id":4720,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:40","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/garnishment-of-wages.html"},"modified":"2026-10-19T08:47:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T13:47:16","slug":"garnishment-of-wages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/garnishment-of-wages.html","title":{"rendered":"An Employer&#8217;s Guide to Handling Wage Garnishment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">An Employer&#039;s Guide to Handling Wage Garnishment<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 19, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>A <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"59888185\">court order<\/span> requiring an employer to withhold a portion of an employee&#8217;s earnings to pay a debt. As a business owner, you must comply with these orders. Federal and state laws also govern the process and limit how much you can withhold. This guide explains your responsibilities, outlines the steps you must take, and clarifies how to handle <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> correctly.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"fl-rich-text\">\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59888183\">garnishment order<\/span> is a legal remedy <span data-term-id=\"59888182\">creditors<\/span> use to collect an unpaid debt. As an employer, you may receive an order to <span data-term-id=\"59888187\">garnish wages<\/span> for several types of past-due debts, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Court judgments for <span data-term-id=\"59888210\">consumer debts<\/span> (e.g., <span data-term-id=\"59888224\">credit card debt<\/span> or personal loans)<\/li>\n<li>Past-due <span data-term-id=\"59888207\">income taxes<\/span> owed to the IRS or state tax agencies<\/li>\n<li>Delinquent <span data-term-id=\"59888203\">federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888189\">student loans<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Past-due payments for <span data-term-id=\"59888180\">child support<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"59888216\">spousal support<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Employers are legally required to obey any orders and withhold the maximum amount permitted by state and federal law. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/paycheck-deductions-and-wage-garnishment.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> process<\/a> can seem complex, but understanding your duties is key. This article reviews how to handle employee <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> and what employers must do when they receive a <span data-term-id=\"59888183\">garnishment order<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>How To Handle a <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">Wage Garnishment<\/span>: A Step-by-Step Guide<\/h2>\n<p>When you receive a <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> notice, follow a specific procedure to protect yourself and your employee. <span data-term-id=\"59888222\">Noncompliance<\/span> with <span data-term-id=\"59888202\">wage garnishment<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888202\"> laws<\/span> can lead to sanctions against your business.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 1: Review the <span data-term-id=\"59888206\">Wage <\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888183\">Garnishment<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888206\"> Order<\/span> and Notify Your Employee<\/h3>\n<p>Review the <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> notice. It should include instructions telling you what you must do. If your business has an HR department, send the notice to them immediately.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"59888212\">Notify the employee<\/span> of the garnishment. They may have already received a notice, but not always. Let them know the deduction will begin in the next <span data-term-id=\"59888186\">pay period<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 2: Calculate the Correct Withholding Amount<\/h3>\n<p>The order will state how much the employee owes, but federal and state laws limit how much you can legally withhold. All garnishments come from an employee&#8217;s <span data-term-id=\"59888184\">disposable earnings<\/span>. This is the amount of pay left after <span data-term-id=\"59888205\">legally required deductions<\/span> like federal and state taxes, <span data-term-id=\"59888190\">Social Security<\/span>, and <span data-term-id=\"59888196\">Medicare<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.dol.gov\/elaws\/elg\/garnish.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59888188\">Consumer Credit Protection Act<\/span><\/a> (<span data-term-id=\"59888192\">CCPA<\/span>) sets the maximum garnishment limits based on the type of debt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For civil judgments (credit cards, personal loans)<\/strong>: The lesser of 25% of the employee&#8217;s weekly <span data-term-id=\"59888184\">disposable earnings<\/span>, OR the amount by which their weekly <span data-term-id=\"59888184\">disposable earnings<\/span> exceed 30 times the <span data-term-id=\"59888191\">federal minimum wage<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>For <span data-term-id=\"59888180\">child support<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"59888200\">alimony<\/span><\/strong>: Up to 50% of <span data-term-id=\"59888195\">disposable income<\/span> if the employee supports another family, and up to 60% if they don\u2019t (if support payments are more than 12 weeks in arrears, an additional 5% may be garnished)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some states have lower percentage limits or other protections. If a state&#8217;s law is more restrictive than the <span data-term-id=\"59888192\">CCPA<\/span>, you must follow the state law.<\/p>\n<p>The table below summarizes the federal limits under the <span data-term-id=\"59888188\">Consumer Credit Protection Act<\/span> (<span data-term-id=\"59888192\">CCPA<\/span>). State laws may offer employees more protection.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><b>Type of Debt<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Maximum Percentage of Disposable Earnings Withheld<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consumer Debt<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Credit Cards, Personal Loans)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesser of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> OR the amount exceeding 30x federal minimum wage<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Child\/Spousal Support<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Employee supporting another family)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Up to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Child\/Spousal Support<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Employee NOT supporting another family)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Up to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past-Due Support<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Over 12 weeks late)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An additional <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may be added to support garnishments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert; font-weight: revert;\">Step 3: Begin Withholding and Remit Payments<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>You must begin withholding the calculated <span data-term-id=\"59888209\">payroll garnishment<\/span> amount as soon as you receive the notice. Even if the employee plans to contest the garnishment, you must continue <span data-term-id=\"59888211\">payroll deductions<\/span> until you get an official court notice to stop or change the amount.<\/p>\n<p>Where you send the <span data-term-id=\"59888187\">garnished wages<\/span> depends on the type of debt. The order should specify the recipient and address. For instance, <span data-term-id=\"59888180\">child support<\/span> payments must go to a State Disbursement Unit, while <span data-term-id=\"59888198\">unpaid taxes<\/span> go to the IRS.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 4: Formally Respond to the Court or <span data-term-id=\"59888182\">Creditor<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>You must complete and return the notice response form by the deadline specified. Don\u2019t miss this deadline. Your response confirms that you have the employee on your payroll and that you\u2019ll comply with the order.<\/p>\n<p>The employee named in the order may no longer work for you, or you may have received an order. Regardless, you still must respond. Explain the situation on the response form. Don\u2019t ignore the order or send it back unanswered.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 5: Manage Ongoing Compliance<\/h3>\n<p>If an employee quits or leaves for any reason while a garnishment is active, you must notify the court or <span data-term-id=\"59888182\">creditor<\/span> immediately. The court may also require you to follow specific reporting procedures during the garnishment period.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t ignore additional <span data-term-id=\"59888183\">garnishment orders<\/span> for the same employee. State and federal laws dictate which debts have priority. In general, <span data-term-id=\"59888217\">child support<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888217\"> orders<\/span> take precedence over other debts. Handling multiple garnishments can be complicated, so consider consulting an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employer\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney<\/a> to ensure you distribute funds correctly.<\/p>\n<h2>Employer Prohibitions and Employee Protections<\/h2>\n<p>Federal and state laws offer employees some protection by limiting how much of their wages can be garnished. These laws also prevent an employer from taking adverse action against the worker.<\/p>\n<p>Federal law prohibits you from firing an employee because of a single <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span>. Most states now use automatic payroll withholding for <span data-term-id=\"59888180\">child support<\/span>, so a notice doesn\u2019t necessarily mean an employee is a bad debtor.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"59888192\">CCPA<\/span> may require an employer who wrongfully terminates an employee over a <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> to reinstate the worker and pay all back wages. Deliberate violations can even lead to criminal charges and fines.<\/p>\n<h2>When <span data-term-id=\"59888217\">Child Support<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888217\"> Orders<\/span> Exceed the 50-60% Garnishment Limit<\/h2>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59888180\">child support<\/span> withholding order is different from a <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span>, although the terms are often used interchangeably. During a family law case, a judge sets the amount of a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/paying-child-support.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59888217\">child support<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888217\"> order<\/span><\/a>\u00a0based on income and custody arrangements. Many states automatically withhold these payments from a parent&#8217;s paycheck. This withholding can be as high as the court-ordered support amount. A separate garnishment for past-due support is subject to the <span data-term-id=\"59888192\">CCPA<\/span> limits.<\/p>\n<h2>Getting Legal Help With <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">Wage Garnishments<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While the <span data-term-id=\"59888181\">wage garnishment<\/span> process can be straightforward, calculation errors or procedural mistakes can expose your business to liability for the employee&#8217;s debt and other penalties. An employer who fails to withhold wages may become liable for the employee&#8217;s entire debt. If you\u2019re unsure about state-specific laws, dealing with <span data-term-id=\"59888223\">multiple <\/span><span data-term-id=\"59888183\">garnishment orders<\/span>, or simply want to ensure full compliance, consulting an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employer\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney<\/a> is a prudent step.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text 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