{"id":4731,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:41","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/how-to-handle-harassment-and-discrimination-complaints.html"},"modified":"2023-10-04T09:31:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T14:31:00","slug":"how-to-handle-harassment-and-discrimination-complaints","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/how-to-handle-harassment-and-discrimination-complaints.html","title":{"rendered":"How to Handle Harassment and Discrimination Complaints"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">How to Handle Harassment and Discrimination Complaints<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/aviana-cooper-esq\/\">Aviana Cooper, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 04, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Workplace harassment and discrimination are serious matters for small business owners. Employees have the legal right to report discrimination and harassment to their employers. Employers should investigate harassment claims immediately. Small businesses may lack the resources to investigate discrimination complaints. In small companies, an investigation by the boss may make tensions worse.<\/p>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/employers\/small-business\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission<\/a>&nbsp;(EEOC) is the federal agency that oversees employment discrimination and harassment. It has a small business resource center for smaller companies needing help handling discrimination and harassment complaints.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article discusses ways employers can manage discrimination and harassment in the workplace and prevent complaints from rising to the level of lawsuits.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Recognizing Harassment and Discrimination<\/h2>\r\n<p>Most people are familiar with sexual harassment and racial discrimination. A business owner must understand the difference between harassment and discrimination in the workplace and develop policies against each.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/overview-of-employment-and-anti-discrimination-laws.html\">Discrimination<\/a>&nbsp;occurs when businesses treat workers differently in hiring, firing, or other work-related activities based on immutable characteristics. These may include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Race\/ethnicity<\/li>\r\n<li>Gender or sexual orientation<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li>Age<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/understanding-different-types-of-harassment.html\">Harassment<\/a>&nbsp;is persistent unwanted speech or behavior creating a hostile work environment. Harassment can also be allowing such behavior to continue or condoning such behavior by words or actions. Harassing behavior can include, but is not limited to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Teasing, taunting, or improper joking<\/li>\r\n<li>Physical contact, such as pushing or shoving<\/li>\r\n<li>Offensive graffiti, pictures, or cartoons<\/li>\r\n<li>Racial or ethnic slurs, sometimes disguised as jokes<\/li>\r\n<li>Hazing or initiation rituals<\/li>\r\n<li>Demands for sexual favors with or without a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/quid-pro-quo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quid pro quo<\/a>, such as demanding sex for a promotion or raise<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Complaint Process<\/h2>\r\n<p>Employees may report harassment and discrimination without <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/losing-a-job\/retaliation-and-wrongful-termination.html\">fear of retaliation<\/a>. Both federal and state laws protect workers who file charges of discrimination or harassment. An employer may face serious penalties for ignoring a worker who files such a complaint, including lawsuits and fines. A smart business owner should have a discrimination and harassment policy before the matter arises.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Know the Anti-Discrimination Laws in Your State<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-equal-employment.html\">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act<\/a>&nbsp;of 1964 governs all employment decisions regarding hiring and firing based on protected class status. Most state laws mirror federal law, but some are more restrictive. Review your state and federal laws and incorporate them into your hiring practices.<\/p>\r\n<p>Seven states mandate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/preventing-sexual-harassment.html\">sexual harassment training<\/a> for some private sector employees. These states are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li> California<\/li>\r\n<li>Connecticut<\/li>\r\n<li>Delaware<\/li>\r\n<li>Illinois<\/li>\r\n<li> Maine<\/li>\r\n<li> New York<\/li>\r\n<li>Washington<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p> The EEOC recommends harassment training for all workers in all employment. Anti-harassment and anti-discrimination guidelines should be part of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/guide-to-creating-employee-handbooks.html\">employee handbook<\/a>. This establishes your reporting procedure.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Investigate Complaints Immediately<\/h3>\r\n<p>All employees should know that you will investigate all complaints immediately. Treat all complaints seriously. You should have a complaint form available with your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources.html\">human resources<\/a> department. Workers should be able to access it anonymously without coworkers&#8217; knowledge.<\/p>\r\n<p>Once you have received a complaint, you should take these steps:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Interview the Complainant:&nbsp;Determine the nature of the complaint and the extent of the harassment or discrimination.<\/li>\r\n<li>Interview the Alleged Harasser Separately:&nbsp;Do not disclose the complainant&#8217;s name. Keep the interview general.<\/li>\r\n<li>Interview Other Workers or Witnesses:&nbsp;If your business is large enough, ask the parties&#8217; supervisor.<\/li>\r\n<li>Document Your Investigation:&nbsp;Keep copious notes of all your findings. If there is any other evidence, such as CCTV footage or timecards, keep that as well.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Your investigation will have one of two results:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The complaint is valid, and there is harassment or discrimination<\/li>\r\n<li>The complaint is not valid<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Now, you must determine how to proceed.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Handling Workplace Harassment and Discrimination<\/h3>\r\n<p>You may want to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/employment-law-get-help-now.html\">contact an attorney<\/a> or the EEOC for advice if the complaint is valid. It depends on the nature of the harassment and how serious it has become. For example, an older worker might not have realized how a joke affected a new employee. In that case, harassment training and an apology might be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/employment-forms-contracts-discipline-termination-and.html\">sufficient disciplinary action<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>On the other hand, a manager might have been coercing younger female workers into sex under threat of termination. This might have been going on for some time. Now, it has become a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/sex-crimes.html\">criminal matter<\/a>&nbsp;and a workplace discrimination case.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the complaint is not valid, you will need to tread carefully. Do not assume that the complainant was lying or trying to harm the person accused. You may want to contact the EEOC for suggestions. Assure the complainant that you investigated and cannot confirm the harassment. Do not imply that it does not exist, only that you could not find confirmation.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the complainant files an EEOC complaint, cooperate with their investigation. As long as your employment practices are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/federal-employment-discrimination.html\">federally compliant<\/a>, you should be in the clear.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Retaliatory Actions<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/workplace-retaliation.html\">Retaliatory acts<\/a>&nbsp;are any negative actions taken against a worker after the worker has filed a complaint. These include termination, demotion, refusing a promotion, reducing pay, unnecessary disciplinary action, or reassignment. Avoid anything that might appear retaliatory toward the complainant or the harasser. Whatever disciplinary action you take against the harasser should be comparable to the harm done. If a complaint is invalid, do not retaliate against the complainant.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help to Handle a Harassment or Discrimination Claim<\/h2>\r\n<p>Harassment and discrimination complaints can upend your business. Business owners should know when to investigate and when to call in a third party. If you&#8217;re unsure how to manage a harassment complaint at your business, discuss your situation with an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employer\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney.<\/a>&nbsp;Receive personalized legal advice on how best to proceed.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n   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