{"id":4770,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:41","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/the-interview-process-selecting-the-right-person.html"},"modified":"2026-05-01T05:35:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T10:35:00","slug":"the-interview-process-selecting-the-right-person","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/the-interview-process-selecting-the-right-person.html","title":{"rendered":"The Interview Process: Selecting the Right Person"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">The Interview Process: Selecting the Right Person<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-richmond-esq\/\">Susan Mills Richmond, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 01, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>The hiring process includes recruiting, evaluating, and screening the best candidate for an open position. Employers should know the laws for interviewing and conducting background checks and avoid discrimination in hiring.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>How do you select the right person for your business? There is no single answer. The <span data-term-id=\"26418727\">interview process<\/span> is the last step in choosing the <span data-term-id=\"26418763\">best candidates<\/span> for your company. <span data-term-id=\"26418729\">Small <\/span><span data-term-id=\"26418778\">business<\/span><span data-term-id=\"26418778\"> owners<\/span> don&#8217;t have time to sort through hundreds of applicants. You don&#8217;t have time to hire and train workers who are not a good fit for your job. When you have an <span data-term-id=\"26418755\">open position<\/span>, you must fill it as soon as possible.<\/p>\n<p>The cost analysis and <span data-term-id=\"26418725\">job description<\/span> are important steps. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/disability-discrimination-and-the-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span data-term-id=\"26418725\">Job descriptions<\/span><\/strong><\/a> have legal requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/what-to-do-when-you-hire-an-employee-for-the-first-time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span data-term-id=\"26418719\">hiring process<\/span><\/strong><\/a> is complicated and <span data-term-id=\"26418795\">time-consuming<\/span>. This is an abbreviated checklist of the entire procedure.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Determine your need to hire a <span data-term-id=\"26418731\">new employee<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Conduct a thorough job analysis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Write a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/writing-effective-job-descriptions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span data-term-id=\"26418725\">job description<\/span><\/strong><\/a> and job specification for the position.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Determine the pay for the position.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Decide where and how to find qualified applicants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Review applications and resumes, then select the most <span data-term-id=\"26418745\">qualified candidates<\/span> for further consideration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Interview the most <span data-term-id=\"26418745\">qualified candidates<\/span> for the position. You are here.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Perform <span data-term-id=\"26418747\">reference checks<\/span> and make a <span data-term-id=\"26418743\">hiring decision<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Make your <span data-term-id=\"26418761\">job offer<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>See FindLaw&#8217;s <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/the-hiring-process.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The <span data-term-id=\"26418719\">Hiring Process<\/span><\/strong><\/a><strong> section for more articles and resources.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These are the do&#8217;s and don&#8217;ts of the <span data-term-id=\"26418727\">interview process<\/span>. Depending on your company and the type of job, you may do your <span data-term-id=\"26418786\">job interviews<\/span> remotely or in person. Both are acceptable, but remote interviews have extra considerations.<\/p>\n<p>If you interview via phone, Zoom, or Skype, schedule the interviews in advance to give candidates time to clear their schedules. If you conduct your initial interviews remotely, you should interview all candidates that way to avoid possible charges of discrimination.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conducting a Successful Interview: What to Do<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. Before the interview<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Know what you want in a candidate before you begin the interview.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Know the job and its responsibilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Review the <span data-term-id=\"26418725\">job description<\/span>. Know what position you are interviewing each <span data-term-id=\"26418739\">job candidate<\/span> for.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Have your <span data-term-id=\"26418749\">interview questions<\/span> prepared beforehand.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Have criteria for comparing candidates. <span data-term-id=\"26418757\">Human resources<\/span> agencies can help with this process.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Review the <span data-term-id=\"26418780\">candidate&#8217;s resume<\/span> before the interview.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Set reasonable time limits for each interview. Give yourself enough time between interviews for notes and review.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. During the interview<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Consider your <span data-term-id=\"26418753\">company culture<\/span>. The <span data-term-id=\"26418733\">new hire<\/span> must fit with your <span data-term-id=\"26418782\">current employees<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ask questions that focus on the candidate&#8217;s past job performances.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ask structured questions about your job site and the position. Use <span data-term-id=\"26418788\">open-ended questions<\/span> and narrative for a better understanding of the applicant.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"26418781\">In-person interviews<\/span> should take place in a private location, free of distractions. Conduct remote interviews in an area where the microphone will not pick up extraneous sounds.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Listen to the questions the candidate asks. Clarify the reasons they are asking the questions being asked. Notice which questions get asked first, as they may be primary concerns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Take detailed notes about job-related topics to help distinguish the candidates.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>If your state allows recording, you may do so. Tell candidates you are recording the interview and that they may refuse if they wish.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Organize and analyze the information immediately after the interview while your recollection is fresh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Treat all candidates fairly<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Use a list of standard questions during each interview. Compare all candidate responses to the same questions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Keep your questions job-related. You can ask about relevant information in resumes and <span data-term-id=\"26418789\">cover letters<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Be cautious of possible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/best-practices-for-employers-in-a-hiring-interview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>discriminatory questions<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Show a genuine interest in every candidate you interview.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>If possible, have at least one other person interview <span data-term-id=\"26418775\">potential candidates<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Be courteous and respectful<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Begin the interview on time. If circumstances cause a delay, apologize and ask the candidate if they wish to reschedule.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Allow enough time for the interview. Leave time after the interview to review notes and clean the interview space.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Consider the candidate&#8217;s <span data-term-id=\"26418792\">work experience<\/span> in light of your <span data-term-id=\"26418759\">job opening<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Closing the interview<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Confirm you have the applicant&#8217;s correct contact information.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>If you are still reviewing candidates, let the applicant <span data-term-id=\"26418772\">know how<\/span> long you expect to interview applicants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Thank the candidate for their time and interest.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Pre-employment Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Some <span data-term-id=\"26418776\">hiring managers<\/span> use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/pre-employment-tests.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pre-employment skills tests<\/strong><\/a> and psychological testing as part of their <span data-term-id=\"26418787\">selection process<\/span>. State laws vary on the legality of these tests, so check your state labor board requirements before giving any tests. In general, these rules apply:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>You may only give drug tests and <span data-term-id=\"26418774\">background checks<\/span> after a conditional offer of employment.<\/strong> You can tell applicants to expect these after a <span data-term-id=\"26418761\">job offer<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Skills tests must be job-related. <\/strong>You can give drivers a driving test, but not receptionists.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tests must accommodate all applicants. <\/strong>You can&#8217;t have one test for disabled candidates and another for others.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tests must avoid &#8220;disparate impact,&#8221; that is, they must not discriminate against any protected class. <\/strong>Even unintentional discrimination is grounds for legal action.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/best-practices-for-employers-in-a-hiring-interview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Practices for Employers in a Hiring Interview<\/a> has complete details on navigating the process.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span data-term-id=\"26418737\">Social Media<\/span> Screening<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Employers may want to check out an applicant\u2019s public <span data-term-id=\"26418737\">social media<\/span> profiles to identify any job-relevant concerns. However, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and anti-discrimination laws prohibit employers from making employment decisions based on protected characteristics. Employers should know <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/social-media-screening-by-employers-whats-legal-whats-risky.html\">what is legally permitted when looking at an applicant\u2019s <span data-term-id=\"26418737\">social media<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, an employer may be legally permitted to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Look at public postings that do not involve the applicant\u2019s user names or passwords.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Focus only on job-related behavior, not lifestyle choices.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, an employer should not:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Make a <span data-term-id=\"26418743\">hiring decision<\/span> based on a <span data-term-id=\"26418737\">social media<\/span> account if it discriminates against protected characteristics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ask an applicant for their usernames or passwords.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/do-i-have-to-give-my-employer-my-social-media-password-state-laws.html\">states prohibit employers from asking for usernames and passwords<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If an employer uses a third-party consumer reporting agency to perform <span data-term-id=\"26418774\">background checks<\/span>, the employer must follow the FCRA rules in notifying the applicant about the <span data-term-id=\"26418774\">background check<\/span> and obtaining their written consent. If the employer does not hire the applicant, they must provide them with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/pre-adverse-vs-adverse-action-notices-timing-content-and-templates.html\">adverse action notices<\/a> and a copy of the <em>Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The Successful Interview: What Not to Do<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are things you should not do when <span data-term-id=\"26418770\">hiring employees<\/span>. When you screen <span data-term-id=\"26418777\">potential employees<\/span>, you&#8217;re looking for the right person and trying to avoid the <span data-term-id=\"26418769\">wrong person<\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/illegal-job-interview-questions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>State and federal employment laws<\/strong><\/a> prohibit asking certain questions during an interview. You may ask some questions if they are relevant to the particular job. In general:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Do not ask questions about:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Age.<\/strong> The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) bans discrimination against workers over 40. Be careful of statements like &#8220;We&#8217;re a young company&#8221; or &#8220;Are you comfortable with technology?&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Criminal history.<\/strong> State laws differ about asking candidates if they have been convicted of certain crimes. In most cases, you can&#8217;t ask about criminal convictions until the interview or making a conditional <span data-term-id=\"26418761\">job offer<\/span>. Under EEOC guidelines, criminal history information cannot be used in a discriminatory manner.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Race or ethnicity<em>. <\/em><\/strong>Never do this.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Citizenship before hiring.<\/strong> When you hire a person, they must show proof of residency or employment authorization. While you may ask if a person is legally authorized to work in the U.S., you may not use lack of citizenship as grounds for not hiring.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ancestry, birthplace, or native language. <\/strong>Asking about their ability to speak another language is OK only if it is a stated job need.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Religion or religious customs or holidays. <\/strong>This violates Title VII as potentially discriminatory. Avoid asking questions like &#8220;Can you work Saturdays?&#8221; unless it is a requirement of the position since this may look like you&#8217;re screening out particular religions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Physical or mental disabilities.<\/strong> This includes temporary disabilities like pregnancy. If the person has an obvious disability, for instance, if they use a wheelchair, you may ask if they need any reasonable accommodations to perform the specific job functions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Names and addresses of relatives.<\/strong> You may ask if they have relatives who work for the company.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Your safest action is not to ask questions that are not immediately job-related. Keep your focus on the candidate&#8217;s <span data-term-id=\"26418751\">skill set<\/span> and job history.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Questions About the <span data-term-id=\"26418727\">Interview Process<\/span>? A Lawyer Can Help<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Your interview and hiring practices must follow employment laws as a <span data-term-id=\"26418778\">business owner<\/span>. 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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n               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