{"id":4815,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:45","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders.html"},"modified":"2025-10-17T15:40:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T20:40:00","slug":"corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders.html","title":{"rendered":"Board of Directors and Corporate Structure: Directors, Officers and Shareholders"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Board of Directors and Corporate Structure: Directors, Officers and Shareholders<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jade-yeban-j-d\/\">Jade Yeban, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 17, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220175\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220175\">Corporate governance<\/span> has three main groups: directors, officers, and shareholders. Each group has a role in the company\u2019s supervision and <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220212\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220212\">daily operations<\/span>, ensuring accountability and a clear chain of command for making decisions.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A typical\u00a0corporation\u2019s structure consists of three main groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Directors<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Officers<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Shareholders<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The officers handle the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220181\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220181\">day-to-day operations<\/span> of the business. The directors oversee the organization\u2019s affairs and protect the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220194\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220194\">shareholders\u2019 interests<\/span>. The shareholders seek a return on their investment.<\/p>\n<p>This article describes the roles and responsibilities <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-operations\/what-is-corporate-governance-.html\">of these groups<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Form your corporation with confidence with\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115291\/26746?subId1=corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders-in-content%20wct250924205609u7ahr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>our trusted partner LegalZoom.<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220207\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220207\">Corporate Structure<\/span>: <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">Board of Directors<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the first steps a new corporation will take is to name the members of its <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span>. Usually, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/writing-and-filing-the-articles-of-incorporation.html\">articles of incorporation<\/a>\u00a0or <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220177\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220177\">bylaws<\/span> of the corporation identify directors or the incorporator selects them. Shareholders typically elect directors at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/planning-an-effective-annual-meeting-checklist.html\">annual meetings<\/a>\u00a0once the corporation is up and running.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span> forms the backbone of a company\u2019s governance. They oversee the broad direction and policy of the business. The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220189\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220189\">role of the board<\/span> involves making major decisions, <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220196\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220196\">strategic planning<\/span>, and holding regular <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220178\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220178\">board meetings<\/span>. <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220190\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220190\">Members of the board<\/span> also must ensure the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220224\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220224\">best interests of the company<\/span> are always a priority.<\/p>\n<p>The board has a <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220191\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220191\">fiduciary<\/span> duty in both <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220202\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220202\">private companies<\/span> and public <a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115291\/26746?subId1=corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders%20wct250924205609aehuq&amp;auto-aff-c-corp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corporations<\/a>. This duty is to act in the company\u2019s favor, often guided by a well-crafted business plan. The board might also have hands-on management for small companies, especially in the early days or special <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220213\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220213\">board committees<\/span> for certain tasks such as setting <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220225\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220225\">executive compensation<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220216\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220216\">board directors<\/span> are led by the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220223\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220223\">board chair<\/span> or <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220222\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220222\">chairperson<\/span> and may be the primary contact between the board and the CEO.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">Board of Directors<\/span>: Duties and Responsibilities<\/h3>\n<p>As suggested by its name, the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span> directs the corporation\u2019s affairs and business path. The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span> also has ultimate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/what-types-of-legal-procedures-should-corporations-maintain.html\">legal responsibility<\/a>. They are responsible for the actions of the corporation and its subsidiaries, officers, employees, and agents. A corporate director\u2019s duties and responsibilities include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Acting on behalf of the corporation and its best interests with an appropriate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/duty.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">duty of care<\/a>\u00a0at all times<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Acting with loyalty to the corporation and its shareholders<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Avoiding <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220208\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220208\">conflicts of interest<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Participating in regular meetings of the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Approving certain corporate activities and transactions. This includes contracts and agreements and the election of new corporate officers. It also includes asset purchases and sales, approval of new corporate policies, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Amending the corporation\u2019s <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220177\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220177\">bylaws<\/span> or articles of incorporation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The number of directors serving on a <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220176\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220176\">corporation\u2019s board<\/span> usually depends in part on the size of the business and its holdings. The corporation\u2019s articles of incorporation or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/writing-corporate-bylaws.html\"><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220177\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220177\">bylaws<\/span><\/a>\u00a0typically state this number. A small corporation might have one director (who may also serve as the sole officer and shareholder). A large corporation may have 10 or more people on its <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115291\/26746?subId1=corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders%20wct2509242056091jb8b&amp;auto-aff-c-corp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corporation<\/a> with more than one director should keep an odd number of directors on its board. This is important for voting.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220207\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220207\">Corporate Structure<\/span>: Corporate Officers<\/h2>\n<p>Corporate officers are the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220218\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220218\">senior executives<\/span> in the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220215\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220215\">management team<\/span>. This <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220211\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220211\">executive board<\/span> is responsible for the day-to-day management and <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220205\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220205\">decision-making<\/span> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115291\/26746?subId1=corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders%20wct250924205609nuqvv&amp;auto-aff-c-corp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corporation<\/a>. These officers carry out the strategies set by the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span>. They manage various aspects like:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220187\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220187\">Financial Performance<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Business operations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220201\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220201\">Company management<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Information Technology<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Marketing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These officers play a vital role in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-operations\/what-is-corporate-governance-.html\">maintaining the legal and financial health<\/a> of the business. They operate within the guidance of the company\u2019s <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board of directors<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Corporate Officers: Duties and Responsibilities<\/h3>\n<p>The corporation\u2019s officers oversee the business\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-operations\/what-is-corporate-governance-.html\"><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220212\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220212\">daily operations<\/span><\/a>. They have legal authority to act on the corporation\u2019s behalf. This power extends to almost all lawful business-related activities. The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220176\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220176\">corporation\u2019s <\/span><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board<\/span><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\"> of directors<\/span> usually appoints officers.<\/p>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220186\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220186\">Senior management<\/span> positions may vary from one corporation to another.\u00a0 They can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220192\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220192\">Chief Executive Officer<\/span> (CEO) or President:\u00a0The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220221\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220221\">company\u2019s CEO<\/span> has ultimate responsibility for the corporation\u2019s activities. They sign off on contracts and other legally binding actions on behalf of the corporation. The CEO reports to the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220176\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220176\">corporation\u2019s <\/span><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\">board<\/span><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220174\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220174\"> of directors<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220197\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220197\">Chief Operating Officer<\/span> (<span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220210\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220210\">COO<\/span>):\u00a0Charged with managing the corporation\u2019s day-to-day affairs, the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220210\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220210\">COO<\/span> usually reports to the CEO.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220184\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220184\">Chief Financial Officer<\/span> (<span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220179\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220179\">CFO<\/span>) or Treasurer:\u00a0The <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220179\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220179\">CFO<\/span> is responsible (directly or indirectly) for almost all the corporation\u2019s financial matters and <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220214\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220214\">risk management<\/span> of corporate assets. They also generate <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220209\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220209\">financial reports<\/span> for the executive team and board.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Chief Information Officer (CIO) or Chief Technology Officer (CTO): The CIO\/CTO handles the information technology of the corporation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Chief Marketing Officer (CMO): The CMO is responsible for <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220200\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220200\">strategic direction<\/span> and marketing <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220220\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220220\">initiatives<\/span> as well as managing the corporation\u2019s brand.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Secretary:\u00a0The corporation\u2019s secretary is in charge of maintaining and keeping the corporation\u2019s records. They maintain documents and record minutes of shareholder meetings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Below the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220218\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220218\">senior executive<\/span> <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220215\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220215\">management team<\/span> are <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220217\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220217\">Vice Presidents<\/span> who specialize in a designated department.<\/p>\n<p>One individual may be a corporation\u2019s sole director, officer, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-laws-and-regulations\/shareholder-rights-and-derivative-actions.html\">shareholder<\/a> if it is a one-person operation. A <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220182\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220182\">nonprofit<\/span> corporation is required to have a <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220203\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220203\">board structure<\/span> to comply with state and federal laws.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220207\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220207\">Corporate Structure<\/span>: Shareholders<\/h2>\n<p>A corporation\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/basic-terms-for-shareholders-and-investors.html\">shareholders<\/a>\u00a0have an ownership interest in the company. They have this through money invested in the corporation.<\/p>\n<p>A share is an apportioned ownership interest in the corporation. The value of a single share can range from less than a 1% interest in the corporation to 100%.<\/p>\n<p>In a <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220180\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220180\">public company<\/span>, anyone can become a shareholder by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/asset-purchase-vs-stock-purchase-advantages-and-disadvantages.html\">purchasing stock<\/a>. <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220202\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220202\">Private companies<\/span> have more control over who can be a shareholder. The shareholders\u2019 agreement outlines their rights and obligations. Majority shareholders, holding more of the company\u2019s stock, have more influence. They have the power to elect <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220173\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220173\">board members<\/span> and make major decisions.<\/p>\n<h3>Issuing Stock to Shareholders<\/h3>\n<p>Owners are usually the original shareholders when a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/how-to-incorporate-a-business.html\">corporation is first formed<\/a>. In smaller corporations, these initial investors may remain the sole shareholders. A smaller corporation\u2019s few shareholders may include those involved in <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220181\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220181\">day-to-day operations<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>These people may serve as business owners, managers, or employees of the corporation. In smaller corporations, one person may be the sole director, officer, or shareholder.<\/p>\n<p>Private investors may decide to invest money in a larger corporation at any time. Investors may include members of the general public if the corporation\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/due-diligence-checklist-going-public.html\">goes public<\/a>. They will then become shareholders. Each shareholder usually receives a stock certificate from the corporation. This certificate identifies the number of shares held by the investor.<\/p>\n<h3>Shareholders: Duties and Responsibilities<\/h3>\n<p>Corporations usually must hold annual shareholder meetings under the law. At these meetings, the shareholders will elect the corporation\u2019s directors. Special\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/planning-an-effective-annual-meeting-checklist.html\">shareholder meetings<\/a>\u00a0may occur in rare situations. This might be when significant corporate actions need shareholder approval.<\/p>\n<p>These events include major transactions or changes in the stock plan. A corporation\u2019s articles of incorporation usually set forth shareholder voting rights and procedures. State law might also set default rules within your jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220207\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220207\">Corporate Structure<\/span>: Advisory Boards and Small Businesses<\/h2>\n<p>An advisory board can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/tips-for-a-successful-small-business.html\">valuable for small businesses<\/a> and startups. Advisers are unlike formal <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220173\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220173\">board members<\/span>. Advisers offer guidance and expertise without the legal responsibility of directors. They can help refine the business structure and offer strategic advice.<\/p>\n<p>They can also provide valuable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/starting-a-business-resources.html\">networking opportunities<\/a>. These benefits are crucial for growing a business. This is especially beneficial for entrepreneurs learning the ropes of business management.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Your <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220207\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220207\">Corporate Structure<\/span> Questions<\/h2>\n<p>From directors to shareholders, corporate entities are complex. They involve a wide range of <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54220183\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54220183\">stakeholders<\/span>. If not formed under corporate laws, you can increase your liability exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Contact an experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-organizations\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business organization lawyer<\/a>\u00a0if you\u2019re starting a corporation. They can help ensure you follow the laws governing corporations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n       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