{"id":4848,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:45","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit.html"},"modified":"2025-10-23T15:11:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T20:11:00","slug":"non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit.html","title":{"rendered":"Nonprofit Taxes: When Non-profits Make a Profit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Nonprofit Taxes: When Nonprofits Make a Profit<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jade-yeban-j-d\/\">Jade Yeban, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 23, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>When a <span data-term-id=\"54222455\">nonprofit<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222455\"> organization<\/span> makes a profit, often called a surplus, the surplus must be reinvested back into the <span data-term-id=\"54222452\">tax-exempt organization<\/span> to support the <span data-term-id=\"54222483\">charitable purposes<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Despite the name,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/non-profit-organizations.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do sometimes make a profit.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike <span data-term-id=\"54222462\">for-profit<\/span> businesses, <span data-term-id=\"54222481\">nonprofit<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222481\"> corporations<\/span> aren\u2019t designed to make money for individuals. Instead, <a rel=\"sponsored noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115293\/26746?subId1=non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit%20wct2509242056501hs9u&amp;auto-aff-non-profit\" target=\"_blank\"><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span><\/a> are formed to serve a government-approved purpose. So, they are given special\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/overview-non-profit-benefits.html\">tax treatment<\/a>. Whether a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s profit is <span data-term-id=\"54222461\">taxable income<\/span> is based on whether the profit was generated from activities that are \u201crelated&#8221; or \u201cunrelated&#8221; to the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s purpose.<\/p>\n<p>This article explains how these organizations handle making money and taxes. We\u2019ll talk about:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Different kinds of profits and what the law says about them<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Why it\u2019s important for <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> to follow <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-26-internal-revenue-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54222475\">Internal Revenue Code<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(IRC) rules<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>How <span data-term-id=\"54222455\">nonprofit<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222455\"> organizations<\/span> work with taxes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i>Form your nonprofit with confidence.\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115293\/26746?subId1=non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit-in-content\" rel=\"sponsored noopener\" data-cta=\"Biz LZ - LATL Callout\" data-cta-url=\"legalzoom.com\" target=\"_blank\">Our trusted partner LegalZoom has packages starting at $99 + filing fees.<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Profit Made From \u2018Related\u2019 Activities<\/h2>\n<p>When <a rel=\"sponsored noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115293\/26746?subId1=non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit%20wct2509242056501n0xx&amp;auto-aff-non-profit\" target=\"_blank\"><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span><\/a> do something that aligns with their main purpose, this is called a \u201crelated&#8221; activity. For example, consider a <span data-term-id=\"54222458\">charitable organization<\/span> whose mission is to sell books to help animals. The money made here is permissible because it supports the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/how-to-write-a-mission-statement-for-a-nonprofit.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s goals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This income is usually safe from <span data-term-id=\"54222453\">federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222451\">income tax<\/span>. This is due to exemption rules in the IRC. The <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/corporate-structure-directors-to-shareholders.html\">board of directors<\/a> must also ensure these activities align with their articles of incorporation and bylaws. This way, they stay true to their mission and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/run-a-non-profit-keeping-your-tax-exempt-status.html\">maintain their <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Like any business, a <a rel=\"sponsored noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115293\/26746?subId1=non-profit-taxes-when-non-profits-make-a-profit%20wct250924205650ee7s1&amp;auto-aff-non-profit\" target=\"_blank\"><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span><\/a> must cover operating costs and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/faqs-wage-and-hour-laws.html\">pay its employees<\/a>. To pay employee salaries, keep the lights on<em>,<\/em>\u00a0and expand, a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> needs to generate revenue. Sometimes, the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> generates revenue that exceeds the amount of its expenses, resulting in a profit. This profit is often called a surplus or net revenue.<\/p>\n<p>How it generates that profit matters tremendously. To avoid having <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-taxes\/do-nonprofits-pay-taxes-.html\">to pay taxes<\/a> on any profits it creates, a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> must make money on activities &#8220;related&#8221; to its <span data-term-id=\"54222474\">nonprofit<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222474\"> status<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Profit Made From \u2018Unrelated\u2019 Activities<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> make money from activities that don\u2019t fit their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/becoming-a-tax-exempt-organization.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54222473\">tax-exempt purpose<\/span><\/a>. For example, a public charity running a caf\u00e9 is an \u201cunrelated&#8221; <span data-term-id=\"54222470\">business activity<\/span>. This kind of income can be tricky. Unlike profits from related services, this income might be subject to <span data-term-id=\"54222451\">income tax<\/span> by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54222482\">Internal Revenue Service<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(<span data-term-id=\"54222450\">IRS<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"54222450\">IRS<\/span> has rules about this in the IRC. <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">Nonprofits<\/span> need to file a <span data-term-id=\"54222459\">tax return<\/span> for this income. They might have to pay <span data-term-id=\"54222453\">federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222451\">income tax<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"54222490\">state tax<\/span>, and maybe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-taxes\/sales-and-use-tax.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54222468\">sales tax<\/span><\/a>. It\u2019s important for <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> to know these rules and avoid problems.<\/p>\n<p>While a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> doesn\u2019t have to worry about losing its <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span> if it makes a little profit from unrelated activities, it\u2019s important that such profit remains a small part of the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s operation. To avoid losing <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span>, a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> should:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Keep any unrelated activities that generate profit small<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Avoid spending staff time on unrelated activities<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Never hire someone dedicated to performing unrelated activities unless it is an insubstantial part of the organization\u2019s operations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Learn more about maintaining your <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span> with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/run-a-non-profit-keeping-your-tax-exempt-status.html\">FindLaw\u2019s Keeping Your <span data-term-id=\"54222460\">Nonprofit<\/span> <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">Tax<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222448\"> Exempt Status<\/span><\/a>\u00a0article.<\/p>\n<h2>Exempt \u2018Unrelated\u2019 Activities<\/h2>\n<p>Some \u201cunrelated&#8221; activities can still be tax-exempt. If these activities are small or only happen once in a while, the <span data-term-id=\"54222450\">IRS<\/span> might not tax them. Also, if volunteers mostly do the work or it benefits the organization\u2019s members, it may be tax-free. This is great for things like occasional bake sales or small <span data-term-id=\"54222476\">fundraisers<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>But each <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> must check if its activities meet these criteria. They must also keep good records and possibly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-laws-and-regulations\/annual-report-filing.html\">file an annual report<\/a> with the secretary of state or other government entities.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"54222450\">IRS<\/span> realized that distinguishing between related and unrelated activities is often difficult. So, it created a list of activities that aren\u2019t likely to be related to a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s purpose, but that nevertheless will not be taxed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Sales of merchandise that has largely been donated to the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Distribution of low-cost articles worth less than $13.60 (in 2025) in return for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/tax\/federal-taxes\/charitable-contributions.html\">donations<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Activities primarily benefitting members, patients, students, officers, or employees of the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Activities where\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/top-five-tips-to-keep-nonprofit-volunteers-coming-back.html\">volunteers<\/a>\u00a0do nearly all of the work<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The sale, rental, or exchange of donor mailing lists<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/charities-non-profits\/unrelated-business-income-tax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54222457\">Unrelated business <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222451\">income<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222451\"> tax<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(UBIT) is a key concept for <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> that engage in regular <span data-term-id=\"54222470\">business activities<\/span> unrelated to their exempt purpose. Understanding UBIT helps <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> determine whether their income is subject to <span data-term-id=\"54222453\">federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54222451\">income tax<\/span>. A <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> generating substantial income from unrelated <span data-term-id=\"54222470\">business activities<\/span> may have its <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span> affected. So, understanding UBIT for the financial health and compliance of a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span> is essential.<\/p>\n<h2>Managing <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">Nonprofit<\/span> Finances and Tax Obligations<\/h2>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54222449\">Nonprofits<\/span>, just like any business entity, must manage their finances carefully. This includes keeping track of all charitable contributions, expenses, and income. They need to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/the-basics-of-accounting-for-small-businesses.html\">maintain clear records<\/a>\u00a0to show they are using their funds for the <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>\u2019s purpose.<\/p>\n<p>These organizations also must understand their obligations regarding different taxes. They should know about their jurisdiction\u2019s <span data-term-id=\"54222468\">sales tax<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"54222454\">property tax<\/span>, and <span data-term-id=\"54222490\">state taxes<\/span>. By sticking to these practices, <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofits<\/span> ensure they meet the eligibility criteria for maintaining their federal <span data-term-id=\"54222448\">tax-exempt status<\/span>. They also stay compliant with <span data-term-id=\"54222491\">state law<\/span> as a tax-exempt <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Protect Your <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">Non-Profit<\/span> Organization: Get Professional Tax Help<\/h2>\n<p>Running a <span data-term-id=\"54222449\">nonprofit<\/span>, especially one just getting off the ground, can be challenging. Because of ongoing issues with compliance, it\u2019s critical to have the expert counsel of a small business attorney to ensure that your organization is on solid ground.<\/p>\n<p>Get in touch with an experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/taxation-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54222464\">tax law<\/span> attorney<\/a>\u00a0near you today.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" 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FindLaw details what happens when a nonprofit makes a profit, including implications on tax-exempt status and tax obligations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":4798,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2],"tags":[10],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-4848","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-smallbusiness","tag-aff-nonprofit"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4848"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":401314,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4848\/revisions\/401314"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=4848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}