{"id":4907,"date":"2021-08-10T15:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-08-10T20:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/what-is-a-series-llc.html"},"modified":"2025-11-03T00:33:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T05:33:00","slug":"what-is-a-series-llc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/what-is-a-series-llc.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is a Series LLC?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is a Series LLC?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/linda-long-jd\/\">Linda Long, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 03, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232881\">series <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232864\">limited liability company<\/span> (LLC) is a type of LLC where a \u201cparent\u201d LLC can create multiple \u201cseries\u201d or divisions underneath it. Each <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"54232871\">separate LLC<\/span> so the debts and liabilities are separate from the other <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span> and parent LLC.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232881\">series <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/llcs.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54232864\">limited liability company<\/span><\/a> (LLC) is an LLC that is operating under a parent LLC in a manner that protects the parent company from liability for its debts. Each <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> has its own members, <span data-term-id=\"54232872\">bank accounts<\/span>, and debts and liabilities that are separate from other <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> and the parent.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLCs<\/span> are a relatively new type of <span data-term-id=\"54232866\">business entity<\/span> and it is still unclear whether they will be treated as separate from their parent for <span data-term-id=\"54232929\">tax purposes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Form your LLC with confidence.\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115288\/26746?subId1=what-is-a-series-llc--in-content\" rel=\"sponsored noopener\" data-cta=\"Biz LZ - LATL Callout\" data-cta-url=\"legalzoom.com\" target=\"_blank\">Our trusted partner LegalZoom has packages starting at $0 + filing fees.<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>A parent <span data-term-id=\"54232919\">LLC\u2019s operating agreement<\/span> will list a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Not every state allows a <span data-term-id=\"54232870\">traditional LLC<\/span> to form a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> has <span data-term-id=\"54232923\">separate <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232872\">bank accounts<\/span>, members and managers, and books and records from the parent LLC and other <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLC<\/span>\u2019s Structure<\/h2>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115288\/26746?subId1=what-is-a-series-llc-%20wct250925142705ck12e&amp;auto-aff-llc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54232862\">LLC<\/span><\/a> is a branch of a <span data-term-id=\"54232870\">traditional LLC<\/span>, similar to corporations having subsidiaries. A <span data-term-id=\"54232870\">traditional <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232919\">LLC<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232919\">\u2019s operating agreement<\/span> should state that a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> is a part of the parent LLC, but most states allow the creation of many <span data-term-id=\"54232873\">separate series<\/span> at any time \u2014 based on the needs of the parent LLC.<\/p>\n<h2>How a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLC<\/span> Operates<\/h2>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115288\/26746?subId1=what-is-a-series-llc-%20wct250925142705cgioh&amp;auto-aff-llc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54232862\">LLC<\/span><\/a> provides a parent LLC with protection from liability for the activities of the <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115288\/26746?subId1=what-is-a-series-llc-%20wct2509251427058zgoa&amp;auto-aff-llc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54232862\">LLC<\/span><\/a> operates as a <span data-term-id=\"54232874\">separate entity<\/span> from its parent LLC. So, a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> can enter into separate contracts from the parent. A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> may also have its own group of members. Since a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> has a separate group running the show, the <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> also has a <span data-term-id=\"54232923\">separate <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232872\">bank account<\/span> and keeps <span data-term-id=\"54232922\">separate books<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> can enter into contracts separate from the <span data-term-id=\"54232910\">master LLC<\/span>. Because the <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"54232874\">separate entity<\/span> from the parent LLC, the members of the parent LLC have <span data-term-id=\"54232868\">liability protection<\/span> from the debt and obligations of the <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>To illustrate, a <span data-term-id=\"54232926\">business owner<\/span> is a <span data-term-id=\"54232901\">real estate<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232901\"> investor<\/span> with several properties. He forms <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span> for each of his properties: St. James Place, Park Place, and Baltic Avenue. If someone sues Park Place, they can only go after the assets in Park Place, not the other properties or the parent LLC.<\/p>\n<h2>States and Territories That Allow a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLC<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232898\">Alabama<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232915\">Arkansas<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Delaware<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232897\">District of Columbia<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232876\">Illinois<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232911\">Indiana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232903\">Iowa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232896\">Kansas<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232894\">Missouri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232893\">Montana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232892\">Nevada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>North Dakota<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ohio<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232891\">Oklahoma<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232890\">Puerto Rico<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>South Dakota<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232878\">Tennessee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232867\">Texas<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232887\">Utah<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Virginia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Wisconsin<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54232904\">Wyoming<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>California <span data-term-id=\"54232921\">state law<\/span> does not recognize the <span data-term-id=\"54232906\">series LLC<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232906\"> structure<\/span>, but it allows a <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> formed in another state to operate in California. However, the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) requires each <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> to file its own <span data-term-id=\"54232888\">tax return<\/span> and pay a minimum $800 annual franchise tax, making it cost prohibitive for <span data-term-id=\"54232918\">multiple series<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Minnesota allows for <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLC<\/span> formation but does not afford each <span data-term-id=\"54232873\">separate series<\/span> limited <span data-term-id=\"54232868\">liability protection<\/span>. Each series may be liable for the other series\u2019 liabilities so it does not offer the same advantages as <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span> in other states.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"54232900\">Tax Treatment<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLCs<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is no definitive <span data-term-id=\"54232900\">tax treatment<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span>. The <span data-term-id=\"54232879\">IRS<\/span> may allow the parent and all the series to be taxed as a <span data-term-id=\"54232889\">single entity<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"54232930\">federal <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232929\">tax<\/span><span data-term-id=\"54232929\"> purposes<\/span>. However, each series may elect its own separate tax classification such as a disregarded entity, partnership or an S-corp.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">Series LLCs<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you have any questions about forming <span data-term-id=\"54232862\">series LLCs<\/span> or if it is the right structure for your business, contact a local\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-organizations\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>small business attorney<\/u><\/a>\u00a0today.<\/p>\n<h2>Internal Links<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/llc-member-tax-faqs.html\">LLC Member Tax FAQs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                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18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                   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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                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                 <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                      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