{"id":5100,"date":"2021-08-12T13:28:39","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T18:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/liability-definition.html"},"modified":"2024-05-23T02:25:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T07:25:16","slug":"liability-definition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/liability-definition.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Liability?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Liability?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/kimberly-lekman-esq\/\">Kimberly Lekman, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/j-p-finet-j-d\/\">J.P. Finet, J.D.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 23, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/liability.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liability<\/a>&nbsp;is a broad term for the state of being responsible for&nbsp;or in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/debt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debt<\/a>. Liabilities are found in the law and accounting. Someone can be subject to monetary or legal liability.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Liabilities are debts or responsibilities owed between people or companies.<\/li>\r\n<li>Liabilities may also mean legal risks.<\/li>\r\n<li>Businesses can help protect themselves from liability with insurance and a smart&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures.html\">business structure<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>In accounting, a&nbsp;liability is money that a company owes. A company&#8217;s accountant lists liabilities&nbsp;on its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/sample-business-balance-sheet.html\">balance sheet<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Understanding Liability<\/h2>\r\n<p>In general, a liability is a debt or responsibility. People also sometimes call legal risks liabilities.&nbsp;Professionals and business owners should understand that there are many types of liability.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Common examples of liabilities:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Businesses may risk&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries.html\">personal liability or personal injury lawsuits<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/an-employer-s-liability-for-employee-s-acts.html\">Employee negligence<\/a>&nbsp;may create&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/business-liability.html\">business liability<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>Companies may risk&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability.html\">product liability<\/a>&nbsp;lawsuits if they sell defective or dangerous products.<\/li>\r\n<li>Individuals and businesses can be liable for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/slip-and-fall.html\">slip-and-fall<\/a>&nbsp;injuries.<\/li>\r\n<li>Doctors may be found liable in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-malpractice-overview.html\">medical malpractice<\/a>&nbsp;lawsuits.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These are only a few of many types of liability. A good&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/insurance-policies.html\">insurance policy<\/a>&nbsp;can help to guard against these unexpected expenses.<\/p>\r\n<p>Business owners may also choose to create&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/corporation-versus-llc.html\">a limited liability company (LLC) or corporation<\/a>. This can help to protect the business owners from the business&#8217;s liabilities. There can also be tax benefits to these structures.<\/p>\r\n<p>Additionally, individuals&nbsp;can be liable to each other. This includes criminal and civil liability. One of the most common types of liabilities between people is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/car-who-is-liable.html\">car accident liability<\/a>, which is why most&nbsp;states&nbsp;make it a legal obligation for&nbsp;drivers to carry&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/insurance\/automobile-insurance.html\">automobile insurance<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Liability in Accounting<\/h2>\r\n<p>In accounting, a liability is any money that a company owes. Companies record their liabilities and their&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/financial-statements-the-balance-sheet.html\">assets<\/a>&nbsp;on their&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/sample-business-balance-sheet.html\">balance sheets<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Current assets include things like accounts receivable, cash, and inventory. Fixed assets include buildings, machinery, and land. The total sum of a company&#8217;s liabilities and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/basic-terms-for-shareholders-and-investors.html\">shareholders<\/a>&#8216; equity must equal the total assets. That equation, called the Accounting Equation, can also be reversed. So, the shareholders&#8217; equity must equal the total assets minus the total liabilities.<\/p>\r\n<p>Accounting liabilities fall into a few categories:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Expenses that get paid off within a year are called short-term liabilities. These include things like utility bills. Accounts payable that are due within the year are also considered short-term or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/current-liabilities.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">current liabilities<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>Expenses that will not get paid off within a year are long-term debts or long-term liabilities. Long-term liabilities may also be called non-current liabilities. These might include mortgages or some income tax expenses.<\/li>\r\n<li>Contingent liabilities are expenses that might not actually have to be paid. These include warranties, gift certificates, product recalls, and lawsuits. If the expense is likely and possible to estimate, the accountant must list it on a company&#8217;s balance sheet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Liability is an important concept in both accounting and the law. The term is used in a few different ways, but it always generally refers to a debt or responsibility.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Related Articles<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness.html\">Small Business Law<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance.html\">Business Liability and Insurance<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-finances\/financial-statements-the-balance-sheet.html\">Financial Statements: The Balance Sheet<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button 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