{"id":5564,"date":"2021-08-12T09:00:30","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T14:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/what-is-a-non-compete-agreement.html"},"modified":"2026-05-20T02:02:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T07:02:00","slug":"what-is-a-non-compete-agreement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/what-is-a-non-compete-agreement.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is a Noncompete Agreement?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30  wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-section-main fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is a Noncompete Agreement?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/catherine-hodder-esq\/\">Catherine Hodder, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 20, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-editorial-note fl-text-sm\">\n            <p>Editorial Note: We earn a commission from affiliate partner links on FindLaw. Commissions do not affect the editorial integrity of our legal content.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>A noncompete agreement is a restrictive covenant between an employer and employee that prohibits the worker from working with a competitor\u2019s business during or after their employment for a specified period of time. Noncompete agreements protect a company\u2019s intellectual property, trade secrets, and confidential information.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div><p><span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete agreements<\/span> can help <span data-term-id=\"54207669\">business owners<\/span> protect their interests. These agreements are also called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/restrictive-covenant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54207643\">restrictive covenants<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or covenants not to compete. The purpose of a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"54207639\">noncompete clauses<\/span> between an employer and an employee is to ensure that the employee can\u2019t take <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span> that they learned during their employment to a competitor.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> could benefit your small business if\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/being-an-independent-contractor-vs-employee.html\">employees or <span data-term-id=\"54207662\">independent contractors<\/span><\/a>\u00a0gain information about your processes and techniques. When workers leave, you don\u2019t want them to take your information to a competitor who can use it to gain a competitive edge. The employee could also use the information to become your competitor if you don\u2019t have a noncompete contract.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Form your LLC with confidence.\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/legalzoomcominc.pxf.io\/c\/4851649\/2115288\/26746?subId1=what-is-a-non-compete-agreement--in-content\" rel=\"sponsored noopener\" data-cta=\"Biz LZ - LATL Callout\" data-cta-url=\"legalzoom.com\" target=\"_blank\">Our trusted partner LegalZoom has packages starting at $0 + filing fees.<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete agreements<\/span> keep workers from competing with their employers during their employment and after they leave. The agreement lasts for a limited time after their job ends.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete agreements<\/span> are not always separate documents. Sometimes, you will see <span data-term-id=\"54207639\">noncompete clauses<\/span> in an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/employment-offers-contracts.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54207634\">employment contract<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Some businesses require their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/being-an-independent-contractor-vs-employee.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54207662\">independent contractors<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and consultants to sign <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"54207668\">Enforcement of <\/span><span data-term-id=\"54207633\"><span data-term-id=\"54207668\">noncompete agreements<\/span><\/span> varies by state. Employment laws in states like <span data-term-id=\"54207644\">California<\/span> prohibit them. This means the agreements or clauses are <span data-term-id=\"54207641\">unenforceable<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Some agreements may include nonsolicitation agreements. This allows businesses to stop ex-workers from contacting other employees or using client lists from the company.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Noncompete Contracts Work<\/h2>\n<p>Many businesses have <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span> that they protect because of its value. This information could relate to <span data-term-id=\"54207655\">intellectual property<\/span>, processes, or techniques for making a product or providing a service. Privileged information or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/trade-secret.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"54207638\">trade secrets<\/span><\/a>\u00a0are only valuable if they are unknown to competitors. When competitors have this information, they can use it to their advantage.<\/p>\n<p>Employers use <span data-term-id=\"54207637\">noncompetition agreements<\/span> and clauses to ensure that employees don\u2019t take the information they learned on the job to a competitor for a certain <span data-term-id=\"54207659\">period of time<\/span>. Most noncompete provisions prohibit employees from working for a competitor within a <span data-term-id=\"54207652\">geographic area<\/span> for a particular <span data-term-id=\"54207663\">length of time<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This helps to protect an employer\u2019s information, but it limits worker mobility. For this reason, the terms must be reasonable. It\u2019s also crucial that the employer has a legitimate <span data-term-id=\"54207646\">business interest<\/span>, such as protecting <span data-term-id=\"54207655\">intellectual property<\/span>, client lists, and sensitive information.<\/p>\n<h2>When Are <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span> Useful for a Small Business?<\/h2>\n<p>There are quite a few reasons for a small business to consider <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"54207639\">noncompete clauses<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Before the pending sale of the business, your employees cannot compete against you and devalue the company during the sale<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Before a merger or acquisition of the company<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>When the company pays tuition or class expenses for an employee, this helps keep the talent within the company for a set amount of time or prevents them from competing after they leave.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>For a new startup or a business with an innovative idea or process<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>When a company has experienced high growth and is looking to continue to expand its market locally or internationally<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Courts View <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If an employee signs a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> but breaks the deal, the employer may sue the former employee. Courts carefully examine <span data-term-id=\"54207639\">noncompete clauses<\/span> to determine if they will enforce <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Courts look to the following factors to determine if a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> is valid:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong>\u00a0The <span data-term-id=\"54207659\">period of time<\/span> during which the noncompete provision is effective. It must be reasonable. Your state courts determine what time frame is reasonable. For example, Louisiana and Florida presume that two years is a reasonable time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Geographic Location:<\/strong>\u00a0The <span data-term-id=\"54207652\">geographic area<\/span> covered by the noncompete provision must be reasonable. Consider a small business operating in Louisiana with no business in <span data-term-id=\"54207644\">California<\/span>. A court will likely find its restriction of a former employee working for a <span data-term-id=\"54207664\">competing business<\/span> in <span data-term-id=\"54207644\">California<\/span> unreasonable.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Type of Work:\u00a0<\/strong>The kind of work the employee is prohibited from doing should be limited to the employer\u2019s specific field.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Why are the courts concerned with the duration and scope of <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>? The courts recognize that small-<span data-term-id=\"54207669\">business owners<\/span> are interested in protecting the information that keeps them in the market. Workers also have the right to earn a living.<\/p>\n<p>If the noncompete provisions are too broad, the former employee may not be able to get another job in their field for several years. This could cause talented people to leave their industries to find work. The courts balance the interests of the employer and the employee when they assess <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Validity of <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For a contract to be valid, parties to it must exchange something of value. This means the employer and the employee must get something of value from the <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span>. Employment can be the thing of value that the worker receives from the contract before starting the job. The employer must provide additional benefits if the worker has already started employment.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the employee could receive a raise or a bonus. If the courts find a noncompete provision invalid, they might not enforce the agreement. The courts might make changes to the agreement instead.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose an individual signs a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> as a condition of employment with a software company. The employer is based in Memphis and only does business there. The <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> states that the employee can\u2019t work in the software industry in any state for six years after their employment ends.<\/p>\n<p>One year after the employee left the company, he works at a software company in North Carolina. The employer sues the former employee for violation of the <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span>. The court may view the duration and <span data-term-id=\"54207648\">geographic scope<\/span> of the noncompete provision as too broad.<\/p>\n<p>In a case like this, the court may not enforce the <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> at all. The court may not strike the whole contract, though. Instead, it may narrow the duration and scope of the noncompete provision to make it reasonable.<\/p>\n<h2>How <span data-term-id=\"54207635\">State Laws<\/span> Affect Employment Agreements<\/h2>\n<p>Laws on <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span> vary from state to state. In some states, like North Dakota, <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span> are not enforceable. <span data-term-id=\"54207644\">California<\/span> takes an even stronger stance against <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>. <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete agreements<\/span> are now illegal in <span data-term-id=\"54207644\">California<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Some states only allow <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span> if they meet specific standards. Talk to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business lawyer<\/a>\u00a0to know the laws in your state on <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Federal Law and <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The U.S. <span data-term-id=\"54207640\">Federal Trade Commission<\/span> (<span data-term-id=\"54207636\">FTC<\/span>) issued its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/news\/press-releases\/2024\/04\/ftc-announces-rule-banning-noncompetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u><span data-term-id=\"54207649\">Final Rule<\/span><\/u><\/a> in 2024 banning <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreements<\/span>. However, this rule never went into effect.<\/p>\n<h2>High-Level Employees and Low-Level Employees<\/h2>\n<p>Consider the type of information that different types of workers gain working. Senior or high-level employees are more likely to learn more than lower-level employees. They learn more confidential business practices, techniques, and processes.<\/p>\n<p>When a court considers a legitimate <span data-term-id=\"54207646\">business interest<\/span>, they look at the type of information the employee gains from employment. If the employee\u2019s duties don\u2019t give them access to <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span>, it may be hard to show a legitimate <span data-term-id=\"54207646\">business interest<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">Nondisclosure Agreements<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>You might wonder if noncompete and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/intellectual-property\/a-nondisclosure-agreement.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreements<\/span><\/a>\u00a0are the same. <span data-term-id=\"54207669\">Business owners<\/span> use both types of agreements to protect their interests. There are differences.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span>, or <span data-term-id=\"54207645\">covenant not to compete<\/span>, prohibits a former employee from competing with the employer. A <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span> prohibits employees from sharing <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span>. This includes customer lists or <span data-term-id=\"54207638\">trade secrets<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span> doesn\u2019t affect worker mobility or ability to work for a competitor. This means an employee who only signs a <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span> may be free to work for a competitor.<\/p>\n<p>It may be easier to enforce a <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span> than a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span>. This is because <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreements<\/span> don\u2019t limit the employee\u2019s job mobility. With a <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span>, there is less concern that the employee will be harmed. For this reason, it could be a good idea to use a <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">nondisclosure agreement<\/span> instead of a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> in some cases to avoid <span data-term-id=\"54207657\">legal challenges<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Comparison Between <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">Noncompete Agreements<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"54207667\">Nondisclosure Agreements<\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Noncompete Agreement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Nondisclosure Agreement<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Purpose<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Prevents former employee from competing with the employer<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Prevents employees from sharing <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Restriction<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Working for a competitor or starting a <span data-term-id=\"54207664\">competing business<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Sharing <span data-term-id=\"54207638\">trade secrets<\/span>, customer lists, or <span data-term-id=\"54207650\">confidential information<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>When Used<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">To prevent direct competition<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">To protect sensitive business information without restricting employment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Effect on Job Mobility<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Limits where former employee may work<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Does not limit where former employee may work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Ability to Work With Competitors<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><strong>Ease of Enforcement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Difficult, prohibited in some states<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Easier to enforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Feeling Unsure About Noncompete Agreements? Contact a Local Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>There are many ways for small-<span data-term-id=\"54207669\">business owners<\/span> to protect their information. You may want to think about the best way for you to go about protecting your business.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t hesitate to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ask for legal advice<\/a>\u00a0if you\u2019re unsure whether a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span> is a good idea for your small business. A skilled employment attorney can review your facts and situation if you signed a <span data-term-id=\"54207633\">noncompete agreement<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Related Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment.html\">Employment Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/employment-contracts-and-compensation-agreements.html\">Employment Contracts and Compensation Agreements<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/contract-law.html\">Contract Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n          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