Madison Hess, J.D.

Latest Articles

• Lemon v. Kurtzman Case Summary

  FindLaw explores the landmark Supreme Court case that established the Lemon test to evaluate government actions under the establishment clause.

• Treasury Department Sued Over Disclosure of Sensitive Financial Data

  The Department of Government Efficiency's access to sensitive U.S. Treasury data has sparked controversy. This action, spearheaded by Elon Musk, has led to a lawsuit from labor unions and an advocacy group. They argue that the data transfer violates the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code,…

• Premium Cigars Are No Longer Regulated by the FDA

  It's time to break out the cigars. The premium cigar industry has won a legal battle against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Cigar Association of America contested the FDA’s application of the "Deeming Rule" to premium cigars. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of…

• Injunction Bars Beneficial Ownership Information Report Requirement

  An injunction has temporarily relieved businesses from having to file a Beneficial Ownership Information Report (BOIR). Companies are not penalized for not submitting their BOIR while this legal hold is in place. However, this situation might change if the legal conditions evolve. Business owners need to stay updated on…

• DOJ Tells Legal Aid Organizations That Receive Certain Federal Funding to Stop Representing Immigrants

  Perhaps the largest focus of the nascent Trump administration's second term has been on immigration. Of the approximately 35 (and counting) executive orders issued so far this term, several have taken notably aggressive stances on immigration enforcement. In accordance with this renewed focus, the Department of Justice instructed advocacy…

• Equal Protection Cases Based on Gender

  Explore the transformative role of the Fourteenth Amendment in advancing gender equality, and its ongoing impact on U.S. legal standards, with FindLaw.

• Commerce Powers Under Article I of the U.S. Constitution

  Unpack Congress's power under the commerce clause with FindLaw's analysis. Dive into the constitutional provision that shapes U.S. legislation.

• Gonzales v. Raich Case Study

  FindLaw explores Gonzales v. Raich, where federal authority under the commerce clause clashed with state sovereignty over medical marijuana laws before SCOTUS.

• Substantive Due Process Under the Fifth Amendment

  Explore the intricacies of substantive due process under the Fifth Amendment and discover how it protects individual rights with FindLaw.

• How To Start a Ski and Snowboard Lessons and Rental Business

  Do you love to ski and snowboard? Make it your job. Start a ski and snowboard lessons and rental business with FindLaw.