Whether you want to have a better understanding of the terms involved in processing your immigration status or are navigating through the complexities of immigration law, this glossary of terms should be helpful for you.

A

Abbreviations - Abbreviations are used to condense long terminologies or names of government agencies. For example: EOIR - Executive Office for Immigration Review; DOJ - Department of Justice; CBP - Customs and Border Protection; IRS - Internal Revenue Service; USCIS - U.S. Immigration and Citizenship Services.

Acquired Citizenship - Citizenship conferred at birth on children born abroad to a U.S. citizen parent(s).

Adoption - See Orphan

Adjustment of Status - Procedure allowing certain aliens already in the United States to apply for immigrant status. Aliens admitted to the United States in a nonimmigrant, refugee, or parolee category may change their status to that of lawful permanent resident if they are eligible to receive an immigrant visa and one is immediately available.

Agricultural Worker - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United States to perform agricultural labor or services, as defined by the Secretary of Labor.

Alien - Any person not a citizen or national of the United States. Outdated term that has been replaced by others such as noncitizen

Amerasian Act - The law provides for the immigration to the United States of certain Amerasian children. To qualify for benefits under this law, a child must have been born in Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam after December 31, 1950, and before October 22, 1982, and have been fathered by a U.S. citizen.

Amerasian (Vietnam) - Immigrant visas are issued to Amerasians under a law that provides for the admission of children born in Vietnam after January 1, 1962, and before January 1, 1976, if a U.S. citizen fathered the alien. Family members such as spouses, children, and parents or guardians may accompany the child.

Apprehension - The arrest of a removable person by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Each apprehension of the same person in a fiscal year is counted separately.

Asylee - A noncitizen in the United States or at a port of entry who is found to be unable or unwilling to return to their country of nationality or to seek the protection of that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof must be based on the person's race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. A person seeking asylum might be asked to provide an affidavit containing a declaration detailing their fear or experiences of persecution in their home country.

B

Beneficiaries - Noncitizens on whose behalf a U.S. citizen, legal permanent resident, or employer have filed a petition for such persons to receive immigration benefits from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Beneficiaries generally receive a lawful status due to their relationship to a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident, or U.S. employer.

Bureau of Immigration Appeals (BIA) - The government body that applies and interprets immigration laws. It forms part of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and conducts appellate reviews of the decisions of immigration judges.

Border Crosser - A noncitizen resident of the United States reentering the country after an absence of less than six months in Canada or Mexico, or a nonresident noncitizen entering the United States across the Canadian border for stays of no more than six months or across the Mexican border for stays of no more than 72 hours.

Business Nonimmigrant - A noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States to engage in commercial transactions that do not involve gainful employment in the United States, i.e., engaged in international commerce on behalf of a foreign firm, not employed in the U.S. labor market, and receives no salary from U.S. sources.

C

Cancellation of Removal - A discretionary benefit adjusting a noncitizen's status from that of deportable noncitizen to one lawfully admitted for permanent residence. Application for cancellation of removal is made during the course of a hearing before an immigration judge.

Certificate of Citizenship - Identity document proving U.S. citizenship. Certificates of citizenship are issued to derivative citizens and to persons who acquired U.S. citizenship (see definitions for Acquired Citizenship and Derivative Citizenship).

Child - Generally, an unmarried person under 21 years of age who is: a child born in wedlock; a stepchild, provided that the child was under 18 years of age at the time that the marriage creating the stepchild relationship occurred; a legitimated child, provided that the child was legitimated while in the legal custody of the legitimating parent; a child born out of wedlock, when a benefit is sought based on its relationship with its mother, or to its father if the father has or had a bona fide relationship with the child; a child adopted while under 16 years of age who has resided since adoption in the legal custody of the adopting parents for at least 2 years; or an orphan, under 16 years of age, who has been adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or has an immediate-relative visa petition submitted in his/her behalf and is coming to the United States for adoption by a U.S. citizen.

Civil Surgeon - A medically trained, licensed, and experienced doctor practicing in the U.S. who is certified by USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service). These medical professionals receive U.S. immigration-focused training in order to provide examinations as required by the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) and USCIS. For medical examinations given overseas, please see Panel Physician.

IMPORTANT: Medical examinations will not be recognized if given by a doctor in the U.S. who is not a Civil Surgeon. Please make sure that your appointment is with a Civil Surgeon, or your results and documents will be invalid.

Conditional Resident - Any noncitizen granted permanent resident status on a conditional basis (e.g., a spouse of a U.S. citizen; an immigrant investor) who must petition to remove the set conditions before the second anniversary of the approval of their conditional status.

Country of - This phrase begins the following phrases used in legal discussions:

• Birth: The country in which a person is born
• Chargeability: The independent country to which an immigrant entering under the preference system is accredited for purposes of numerical limitations
• Citizenship: The country in which a person is born (and has not renounced or lost citizenship) or naturalized and to which that person owes allegiance and by which he or she is entitled to be protected
• Former Allegiance: The previous country of citizenship of a naturalized U.S. citizen or of a person who derived U.S. citizenship
• (Last) Residence: The country in which an alien habitually resided prior to entering the United States
• Nationality: The country of a person's citizenship or country in which the person is deemed a national

Crewman - A foreign national serving in a capacity required for normal operations and service on board a vessel or aircraft. Crewmen are admitted for twenty-nine days, with no extensions.

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - One of the U.S. government entities that administers immigration laws at the borders. The CBP works in close relationships with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), as well as other agencies that handle law enforcement of immigration laws and border protection.

D

Deferred Inspection - See Parolee.

Departure Under Safeguards - The departure of an illegal noncitizen from the United States, which is physically observed by a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) official.

Deportable Noncitizen - A noncitizen in and admitted to the United States subject to any grounds of removal specified in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). This includes any noncitizen illegally in the United States, regardless of whether the noncitizen entered the country by fraud, misrepresentation, or entered legally but subsequently violated the terms of their nonimmigrant classification or status.

Deportation - The formal removal of a noncitizen from the United States when the noncitizen has been found removable for violating immigration laws. An immigration judge conducts the legal proceedings and orders the deportation without imposing or contemplating punishment. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement manage this function.

Derivative Citizenship - Citizenship conveyed to children through the naturalization of parents or, under certain circumstances, to foreign-born children adopted by U.S. citizen parents, provided certain conditions are met.

Diversity - A category of immigrants replacing the earlier categories for nationals of underrepresented countries and countries adversely affected by U.S. immigration regulations.

E

Exchange Visitor - A noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States as a participant in a program approved by the Secretary of State for the purpose of teaching, instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, or receiving training.

Exclusion - Prior to the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, exclusion was the formal term for a denial of a noncitizen's entry into the United States. An immigration judge would decide whether or not to exclude a noncitizen after an exclusion hearing. Since April 1, 1997, the process of adjudicating inadmissibility may take place in either an expedited removal process or in removal proceedings before an immigration judge.

Employment Authorization Document (EAD card) - A document issued by the USCIS that gives the holder the right to work in the U.S. until the time of the authorization expiration.

F

Fiancé(e)s of U.S. Citizen - A nonimmigrant noncitizen coming to the United States to conclude a valid marriage with a U.S. citizen within ninety days after entry.

Foreign Government Official - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States who a foreign government has accredited to function as an ambassador, public minister, career diplomatic or consular officer, other accredited official, or an attendant, servant or personal employee of an accredited official, and all above noncitizens' spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.

Foreign Information Media Representative - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States as a bona fide representative of foreign press, radio, film, or other foreign information media and the noncitizen's spouse and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.

General Naturalization Provisions - The basic requirements for naturalization that every applicant must meet unless a member of a special class. General provisions require an applicant to be at least 18 years of age and a lawful permanent resident with five years of continuous residence in the United States, have been physically present in the country for half that period, and establish a good moral character for at least that period.

I

Immediate Relatives - Certain immigrants who, because of their close relationship with U.S. citizens, are exempt from the numerical limitations imposed on immigration to the United States. Immediate relatives are spouses of citizens, children (under 21 years of age and unmarried) of citizens, and parents of citizens 21 years of age or older.

Immigrant - See Permanent Resident Noncitizen

Immigration Act of 1990 - Public Law 101-649 (Act of November 29, 1990), which increased the limits on legal immigration to the United States, revised all grounds for exclusion and deportation, authorized temporary protected status to noncitizens of designated countries, revised and established new nonimmigrant admission categories, revised and extended the Visa Waiver Pilot Program, and revised naturalization authority and requirements.

Immigration Judge - An attorney appointed by the Attorney General to act as an administrative judge within the Executive Office for Immigration Review. They are qualified to conduct specified classes of proceedings, including removal proceedings.

Immigration Officer - A government officer who enforces laws relating to borders, customs, and immigration. Their duty includes entry control, travel document check, and other tasks related to immigration.

INA - See Immigration and Nationality Act.

Immigration and Nationality Act - The Act (INA), which, along with other immigration laws, treaties, and conventions of the United States, relates to the immigration, temporary admission, naturalization, and removal of noncitizens.

Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986 - Public Law 99-639 (Act of 11/10/86), which was passed in order to deter immigration-related marriage fraud. Its major provision stipulates that noncitizens deriving their immigrant status based on a marriage of less than two years are conditional immigrants. To remove their conditional status the immigrants must apply at one of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services offices during the 90-day period before their second-year anniversary of receiving conditional status. If the noncitizens cannot show that the marriage through which the status was obtained was and is a valid one, their conditional immigrant status may be terminated and they may become deportable.

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 - Public Law 99-603 (Act of 11/6/86), which was passed to control and deter illegal immigration to the United States. Its major provisions stipulate the legalization of undocumented noncitizens who had been continuously unlawfully present since 1982, the legalization of certain agricultural workers, sanctions for employers who knowingly hire undocumented workers, and increased enforcement at U.S. borders. The legalization of undocumented noncitizens allows them to have access to certain benefits such as health care and U.S. government subsidies.

Inadmissible - A noncitizen seeking admission at a port of entry who does not meet the criteria in the INA for admission. The noncitizen may be placed in removal proceedings or, under certain circumstances, allowed to withdraw their application for admission.

Industrial Trainee - See Temporary Worker.

International Representative - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States as a principal or other accredited representative of a foreign government (whether officially recognized or not recognized by the United States) to an international organization, an international organization officer or employee, and all above noncitizens' spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) - A government agency tasked with enforcing taxation law and collecting taxes.

Intracompany Transferee - A noncitizen, employed for at least one continuous year out of the last three by an international firm or corporation, which seeks to enter the United States temporarily in order to continue to work for the same employer, or a subsidiary or affiliate, in a capacity that is primarily managerial, executive, or involves specialized knowledge, and the noncitizen's spouse and minor unmarried children.

IRCA - See Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

L

Labor Certification - Requirement for U.S. employers seeking to employ certain persons whose immigration to the United States is based on job skills or nonimmigrant temporary workers coming to perform services for which qualified authorized workers are unavailable in the United States. The Secretary of Labor is responsible for the issuance of labor certification. This certification contains attestations by U.S. employers on the number of U.S. workers available to undertake the employment sought by an applicant and the effect of the noncitizen's employment on the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers similarly employed.

Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) - Any person not a citizen of the United States who resides in the U.S. under legally recognized and lawfully recorded permanent residence as an immigrant. Also known as "Permanent Resident Noncitizen," "Resident Noncitizen Permit Holder," and "Green Card Holder."

Legitimated - Most countries have legal procedures for natural fathers of children born out of wedlock to acknowledge their children. A legitimated child from any country has two legal parents and cannot qualify as an orphan unless:

• Only one of the parents is living
• Both of the parents have abandoned the child

M

Medical Waiver - A medical waiver permits an immigration applicant to be allowed into or remain in the United States despite having a health condition identified as grounds of inadmissibility. Terms and conditions can be applied to a medical waiver on a case-by-case basis.

Migrant - A person who leaves their country of origin to seek residence in another country.

N

NACARA - Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act.

National - A person owing permanent allegiance to a state.

NATO Official - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States as a member of the armed forces or as a civilian employed by the armed forces on assignment with a foreign government signatory to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the noncitizen's spouse and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.

Naturalization - The conferring, by any means, of citizenship upon a person after birth. The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, together with the USCIS oversees this process.

Naturalization Application - The form used by a lawful permanent resident to apply for U.S. citizenship. The application is filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services at the Service Center with jurisdiction over the applicant's place of residence.

Nonimmigrant - A noncitizen who seeks temporary entry to the United States for a specific purpose. The noncitizen must have a permanent residence abroad (for most classes of admission) and qualify for the nonimmigrant classification sought. The nonimmigrant classifications include:

• Foreign government officials
• Visitors for business and pleasure
• Noncitizens in transit through the United States
• Treaty traders and investors
• Students
• International representatives
• Temporary workers and trainees
• Representatives of foreign information media
• Exchange visitors
• Fiance(e)s of U.S. citizens
• Intracompany transferees
• NATO officials
• Religious workers
• Some others

Most nonimmigrants can be accompanied or joined by spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.

Numerical Limit, Exempt from - Those noncitizens accorded lawful permanent residence who are exempt from the provisions of the flexible numerical limit of 675,000 set by the Immigration Act of 1990. Exempt categories include immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, refugees, asylees (limited to 10,000 per year), Amerasians, noncitizens adjusted under the legalization provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, and certain parolees from the former Soviet Union and Indochina.

O

Occupation - For a noncitizen entering the United States or adjusting without a labor certification, occupation refers to the employment held in the country of last legal residence or in the United States. For a noncitizen with a labor certification, occupation is the employment for which certification has been issued.

Orphan - For the purposes of immigration to the United States, a child may be considered an orphan because of the death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents. The child of an unwed mother or surviving parent may be considered an orphan if that parent is unable to care for the child properly and has, in writing, irrevocably released the child for emigration and adoption. The child of an unwed mother may be considered an orphan, as long as the mother does not marry (which would result in the child's having a stepfather) and as long as the child's biological father has not legitimated the child. If the father legitimates the child or the mother marries, the mother is no longer considered a sole parent. The child of a surviving parent may also be an orphan if the surviving parent has not married since the death of the other parent (which would result in the child's having a stepfather or stepmother).

Out of wedlock (born out of wedlock) - A child born of parents who were not legally married to each other at that time.

P

Panel Physician - A medically trained, licensed, and experienced doctor practicing overseas who is appointed by the local U.S. Embassy or Consulate. These medical professionals receive U.S. immigration-focused training in order to provide examinations as required by the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) and USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services). For medical examinations given in the U.S., see Civil Surgeon.

IMPORTANT: Medical examinations given overseas will not be recognized if they are given by a doctor who is not appointed by the local U.S. Consulate or Embassy. Please be sure that your medical exam is being given by a Panel Physician or your results and documents will be invalid.

Parolee - A parolee is a noncitizen, appearing to be inadmissible to the inspecting officer, allowed into the United States for urgent humanitarian reasons or when that noncitizen's entry is determined to be for significant public benefit. Parole does not constitute a formal admission to the United States and confers temporary status only, requiring parolees to leave when the conditions supporting their parole cease to exist.

Per-Country Limit - The maximum number of family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas that can be issued to citizens of any country in a fiscal year. The limits are calculated each fiscal year depending on the total number of family-sponsored and employment-based visas available.

Permanent Resident - Any person not a citizen of the United States who is residing in the U.S. under legally recognized and lawfully recorded permanent residence as an immigrant. Also known as "Permanent Resident Noncitizen," "Lawful Permanent Resident," "Resident Noncitizen Permit Holder," and "Green Card Holder."

Permanent Resident Noncitizen - A noncitizen admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident. Permanent residents are also commonly referred to as immigrants. Lawful permanent residents are legally accorded the privilege of residing permanently in the United States. They may be issued immigrant visas by the Department of State overseas or adjusted to permanent resident status by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in the United States.

Port of Entry - Any location in the United States or its territories that is designated as a point of entry for noncitizens and U.S. citizens. All district control offices are also considered ports, since they become locations of entry for noncitizens adjusting to immigrant status.

Pre-inspection - Complete immigration inspection of airport passengers before departure from a foreign country. No further immigration inspection is required upon arrival in the United States other than submission of Form I-94 for nonimmigrant noncitizens.

Preference System - The nine categories since fiscal year 1992 among which the family-sponsored and employment-based immigrant preference visas are distributed. The family-sponsored preferences, in order, are:

• Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
• Spouses, children, and unmarried sons and daughters of permanent resident noncitizens
• Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
• Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens

The employment-based preferences, in order, are:

• Priority workers (persons of extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, and certain multinational executives and managers)
• Professionals with advanced degrees or noncitizens with exceptional ability
• Skilled workers, professionals (without advanced degrees), and needed unskilled workers
• Special immigrants
• Employment creation immigrants (investors)

Principal Noncitizens - The noncitizen who applies for immigrant status and from whom another noncitizen may derive lawful status under immigration law or regulations (usually spouses and minor unmarried children).

Priority Date - In the USCIS Immigrant visa petition application process, the priority date is the date the petition was filed. If the noncitizen relative has a priority date on or before the date listed in the visa bulletin, then they are currently eligible for a visa.

R

Refugee - Any person outside their country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof must be based on the noncitizen's race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. People with no nationality must generally be outside their country of last habitual residence to qualify as a refugee. Refugees are subject to ceilings by geographic area set annually by the President in consultation with Congress and are eligible to adjust to lawful permanent resident status after one year of continuous presence in the United States.

Refugee Approvals - The number of refugees approved for admission to the United States during a fiscal year.

Refugee Arrivals - The number of refugees admitted to the United States through ports of entry during a fiscal year.

Refugee Authorized Admissions - The maximum number of refugees allowed to enter the United States in a given fiscal year.

Registry Date - Noncitizens who have continuously resided in the United States since January 1, 1972, are of good moral character, and are not inadmissible, are eligible to adjust to legal permanent resident status under the registry provision. Before the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 amended the date, noncitizens had to have been in the country continuously since June 30, 1948, to qualify.

Removal - The expulsion of a noncitizen from the United States. This expulsion may be based on grounds of inadmissibility or deportability.

Required Departure - See Voluntary Departure.

Resettlement - Permanent relocation of refugees in a place outside their country of origin to allow them to establish residence and become productive members of society there. Refugee resettlement is accomplished with the direct assistance of private voluntary agencies working with the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Refugee Resettlement.

Resident Noncitizen - Applies to non-U.S. citizens currently residing in the United States. The term is applied in three different manners; please see Permanent Resident, Conditional Resident, and Returning Resident.

Returning Resident - Any Lawful Permanent Resident who has been outside the United States and is returning to the U.S. Also defined as a "special immigrant." If outside of the U.S. for more than 180 days, must apply for readmission to the U.S. If outside of the U.S. for more than one year and returning to their permanent residence in the United States, they usually must have re-entry documentation from USCIS or an immigrant visa from the Department of State.

S

Safe Haven - Temporary refuge given to migrants who have fled their countries of origin to seek protection or relief from persecution or other hardships, until they can return to their countries safely or, if necessary, until they can obtain permanent relief from the conditions they fled.

Special Immigrants - Certain categories of immigrants who were exempt from numerical limitation before fiscal year 1992 and subject to limitation under the employment-based fourth preference beginning in 1992:

• Persons who lost citizenship by marriage
• Persons who lost citizenship by serving in foreign armed forces
• Ministers of religion and other religious workers, their spouses, and children
• Certain employees and former employees of the U.S. Government abroad, their spouses, and children
• Panama Canal Act immigrants
• Certain foreign medical school graduates, their spouses, and children
• Certain retired employees of international organizations, their spouses and children; juvenile court dependents
• Certain noncitizens serving in the U.S. Armed Forces, their spouses, and children

Special Naturalization Provisions - Provisions covering special classes of persons who may be naturalized even though they do not meet all the general requirements for naturalization. Such special provisions allow:

• Wives or husbands of U.S. citizens to file for naturalization after three years of lawful permanent residence instead of the prescribed five years
• A surviving spouse of a U.S. citizen who served in the armed forces to file their naturalization application in any district instead of where they reside
• Children of U.S. citizen parents to be naturalized without meeting certain requirements or taking the oath, if too young to understand the meaning

Other classes of persons who may qualify for special consideration are former U.S. citizens, servicemen, seamen, and employees of organizations promoting U.S. interests abroad.

Sponsor - There are many ways to sponsor a noncitizen. The term "sponsor" in the immigration sense, often means to bring to the United States or "petition for". For example, you may sponsor (or petition for) a relative, an employee, or an overseas orphan.

Stateless - Having no nationality.

Stowaway - A noncitizen coming to the United States surreptitiously on an airplane or vessel without legal status of admission. Such a noncitizen is subject to denial of formal admission and return to the point of embarkation by the transportation carrier.

Student - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming temporarily to the United States to pursue a full course of study in an approved program in either an academic (college, university, seminary, conservatory, academic high school, elementary school, other institution, or language training program) or a vocational or other recognized nonacademic institution.

Subject to the Numerical Limit - Categories of legal immigrants subject to annual limits under the provisions of the flexible numerical limit of 675,000 set by the Immigration Act of 1990. The largest categories are:

• Family-sponsored preferences
• Employment-based preferences
• Diversity immigrants

T

Temporary Protected Status (TPS) - Establishes a legislative basis for allowing a group of persons temporary refuge in the United States. Under a provision of the Immigration Act of 1990, the Attorney General may designate nationals of a foreign state to be eligible for TPS with a finding that conditions in that country pose a danger to personal safety due to ongoing armed conflict or an environmental disaster.

Temporary Resident - See Nonimmigrant.

Temporary Worker - A noncitizen coming to the United States to work for a temporary period of time. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and the Immigration Act of 1990, as well as other legislation, revised existing classes and created new classes of nonimmigrant admission.

Transit Noncitizen - A noncitizen in immediate and continuous transit through the United States, with or without a visa, including: 

• Noncitizens who qualify as persons entitled to pass in transit to and from the United Nations Headquarters District and foreign countries 
• Foreign government officials and their spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children in transit

Transit Without Visa (TWOV) - A transit noncitizen traveling without a nonimmigrant visa. A noncitizen admitted under agreements with a transportation line, which guarantees their immediate and continuous passage to a foreign destination. (See Transit Noncitizen)

Treaty Trader or Investor - As a nonimmigrant class of admission, a noncitizen coming to the United States, under the provisions of a treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and the foreign state of such noncitizen, to carry on substantial trade or to direct the operations of an enterprise in which they have invested a substantial amount of capital, and the noncitizen's spouse and unmarried minor children.

V

Visa - A U.S. visa allows the bearer to apply for entry to the U.S. in a certain classification (e.g. student is F, visitor is B, temporary worker is H). A visa does not grant the bearer the right to enter the United States. The Department of State (DOS) is responsible for visa adjudication at U.S. Embassies and Consulates outside of the U.S. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (BCBP) immigration inspectors determine admission into, length of stay, and conditions of stay in, the U.S. at a port of entry.

Visa Waiver Program - Allows citizens of certain selected countries to travel temporarily to the United States under the nonimmigrant admission classes of visitors for pleasure and visitors for business to enter the United States without obtaining nonimmigrant visas. Admission is for no more than 90 days.

Voluntary Departure - The departure of a noncitizen from the United States without an order of removal. The departure may or may not have preceded a hearing before an immigration judge. A noncitizen allowed to depart voluntarily concedes removability but does not have a bar to seeking admission at a port-of-entry at any time. Failure to depart within the time granted results in a fine and a ten-year bar to several forms of relief from deportation.

W

Withdrawal - An arriving noncitizen's voluntary retraction of an application for admission to the United States in lieu of a removal hearing before an immigration judge or expedited removal. Withdrawals are not included in nonimmigrant admission data.