Idaho Gun Control Laws

The national debate over gun control doesn't show any signs of slowing down anytime soon. Those opposed to new gun regulations point to the Second Amendment's acknowledgment of the right to bear arms. Those in favor of gun control raise issues of public safety in a world where firearms are prevalent in suicide and homicide cases, including mass shootings.

In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Second Amendment as recognizing an individual's right to own or possess guns for purposes like self-defense. The Court went so far as to strike down a New York statute that gave discretion to authorities who "may issue" a concealed carry license when applicants could show good cause for needing to carry a concealed firearm. 

In New York Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022), the Court held that state regulations that burden the constitutional right to bear arms must demonstrate they are consistent with traditional, historical regulations of firearms. They must be based on objective criteria.

Advocates on both sides can agree with the importance of firearm safety, but they take different approaches to reaching that goal. To that end, the Idaho Code reflects the emphasis of Idaho legislators who represent the state. Most observers rate Idaho firearm laws as less restrictive than other states.

Idaho Gun Laws

Federal firearms law applies in all 50 states. It makes it unlawful to transfer or possess a machine gun manufactured after 1986, with exceptions for the armed forces and state and local governments. Federal law sets up regulations for interstate commerce in firearms, including licensing and background checks. It provides categories of prohibited persons who cannot own or possess a firearm.

State gun control laws can also restrict what kind of guns people can purchase and who can purchase them. States can require the issuance of a permit for purchase or for a carry concealed weapon license. While the Second Amendment permits most citizens to keep and bear arms, certain deadly weapons and accessories are illegal under Idaho law. 

In general, gun owners must be 18 years of age and have no felony convictions on their record. Someone under 18 must have written permission from a parent or guardian to possess a firearm. Idaho does not impose a waiting period for firearm purchases. It does not ban assault weapons or ghost guns, those manufactured from a gun kit with no serial number.

Although Idaho law provides few restrictions on the carry of firearms in public or in motor vehicles, it does prohibit firearm possession in certain locations. These include:

• Hotels, when the hotelkeeper chooses to prohibit
• In or on the grounds of private or public elementary or secondary schools, on school transportation, or at school-sponsored activities
• Courthouses
• Juvenile detention facilities and jails
• College dormitories or residence halls
• Public entertainment facilities owned by public colleges and universities when signs are posted
• State veterans' homes
• Mental health clinics using Medicaid funding
• Children's residential care facilities and therapeutic outdoor programs

In 2016, Idaho adopted a "permitless carry" law. This law provides that an otherwise law-abiding citizen of the United States who is not prohibited from possession of firearms can carry a concealed firearm throughout the state without a permit or license. A qualified retired law enforcement officer may also carry a concealed weapon. 

Although Idaho allows for permitless carry, it does maintain a process for issuing a concealed weapons license for purposes of reciprocity with other states. The Idaho State Police is the keeper of such agreements with other states. To apply for a license, you must contact your county sheriff. The Idaho Attorney General provides a helpful Q&A webpage to assist with inquiries. A state preemption law prohibits any local law of a city or county providing stricter regulations than the state.

The chart below highlights Idaho's gun control statutes (laws).

Note: State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts that include federal decisions, ballot initiatives, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information available, please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the status of the state law(s) you are reviewing.

Related Resources for Gun Control Laws in Idaho

• Firearms Law and Gun Manufacturers
• Idaho Law
• Official State Codes
• Idaho Criminal Laws
• Domestic Violence & Firearms

Have More Questions on Idaho Gun Control Laws? Ask An Attorney

State and federal gun control laws can be complex. If you have been injured by a firearm, you may have recourse against the manufacturer, distributor, or owner of the gun. If you are facing charges related to a gun crime, you should seek legal advice. Consider speaking to an Idaho attorney in your area.