West Virginia Capital Punishment Laws
By Samuel Strom, J.D. | Legally reviewed by FindLaw Staff | Last reviewed December 06, 2024
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West Virginia abolished the death penalty in 1965. The state last executed a death row inmate in 1959. Although lawmakers have introduced bills to reinstate the death penalty as recently as 2024, none have passed both the state house and the senate.
West Virginia Capital Punishment Statute
The chart below details the capital punishment statute in West Virginia.
Code section | West Virginia Code § 61-11-2: Capital Punishment Abolished |
---|---|
Is capital punishment allowed? | No. West Virginia abolished the death penalty in 1965. |
Note: State laws change all the time. Contact an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify any state criminal laws you are researching.
Capital Punishment in West Virginia: Historical Background
The Death Penalty Information Center notes that West Virginia has executed 115 inmates in its history. Before 1899, individual counties generally carried out executions. Between 1899 and 1959, the state of West Virginia carried out death sentences.
Most executions before 1950 were by hanging. Between 1951 and 1959, the state used the electric chair to execute people.
The last execution in state history happened on April 3, 1959. A jury convicted Elmer Brunner of murdering an older woman and imposed the death penalty. The state executed him using the electric chair.
The West Virginia legislature abolished the death penalty in 1965. Democrats Jesse Barker and Robert Holliday introduced House Bill 517 to repeal the death penalty. The bill passed both West Virginia legislative houses, and Gov. Hulett Smith signed the bill into law.
West Virginia was the last state to abolish the death penalty before the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Furman v. Georgia (1972). There, the Court said the death penalty was unconstitutional because it violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. The Court’s decision acted as a moratorium on the death penalty nationwide. But four years later, the Court allowed state legislatures to reinstate the death penalty after its decision in Gregg v. Georgia (1976).
Proposed Legislation
In 2024, Republican lawmakers introduced a bill calling for the reinstatement of the death penalty in West Virginia. Sen. Mike Stuart introduced a bill on the first day of the 2024 legislative session that would impose the death penalty in some first-degree murder cases. Specifically, the proposed law would allow the death penalty in cases involving the killing of a law enforcement officer or a first responder in the line of duty.
Research the Law
For more information about West Virginia laws and the death penalty, browse the following links:
- West Virginia Law
- West Virginia Criminal Laws
- West Virginia Criminal Statute of Limitations Laws
- Official State Codes
- Death Penalty
- Death Penalty Laws by State
- Death Penalty in the U.S.
- Capital Punishment at the Federal Level
- Temporary Abolition of the Death Penalty
- History of Death Penalty Laws
- Developments in the Death Penalty
- Death Penalty Statistics
- Death Penalty Challenges
For more in-depth information about the death penalty in the United States and Supreme Court cases, read The Eighth Amendment and the Death Penalty.
Get Legal Help
Even with the death penalty prohibited in West Virginia, serious crimes can result in life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. If you or a loved one are facing a charge for any serious crime, such as homicide, contact an experienced criminal defense lawyer. If you can’t afford an attorney, ask the court to assign you a public defender.
Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?
- Complex criminal defense situations usually require a lawyer
- Defense attorneys can help protect your rights
- A lawyer can seek to reduce or eliminate criminal penalties
Get tailored advice and ask your legal questions. Many West Virginia attorneys offer free consultations.
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