Education and Homeschooling: Background Information

Homeschooling, or home education, is an alternative education option. It's a practice where parents choose to educate their children at home. They can choose this option rather than sending their children to a public or nonpublic school. In the United States, the concept of homeschooling has evolved dramatically.

Initially, homeschooling was common in the early days of the nation. School districts were once sparse, and traveling to a school was often impractical. As the public school system expanded, homeschooling became less prevalent. In the late 20th century, there was a resurgence in home education. This was due to several factors, including dissatisfaction with public school systems. Some parents desired an opportunity for more religious or moral instruction.

There are millions of homeschooled students every school year. Parents choose homeschooling over public or private education for many different reasons. This can include their desire for more control over the curriculum or ideological preferences. Or, it could be to accommodate a child's inability to thrive in a formal classroom setting.

This article gives general background information about homeschooling and the law.

The Legal Framework Under Education Law

Education law varies by state. Generally, each state board and local school district have guidelines for homeschooling families. This might include submitting an intent to homeschool affidavit with the local court. It could mean ensuring the involvement of a certified teacher. It might also involve following a specific education program.

In the past, some states had stringent regulations. Some didn't recognize homeschooling as a valid form of education. Over time, school choice movements and advocacy for parental rights have led to more flexibility. All states now offer a legal framework for home education. But, the requirements vary from one state to another.

Landmark Legal Cases: Homeschooling in the U.S.

Several key cases helped shape the legal landscape of homeschooling in the United States. These cases have helped define the rights of parents to educate their children at home. They have helped set the extent to which state governments can regulate homeschooling. The following cases are landmark cases in the field of homeschool education:

1. Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925): This is a pivotal Supreme Court case. It was among the first to recognize parents' rights to direct their children's education. The court ruled that the Oregon compulsory attendance law was unconstitutional. That law required all children to attend a public school. This case set a legal precedent for parental rights. It laid the foundation for homeschooling in the United States.
2. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972): This is another landmark case. The Supreme Court ruled against the state and the school district. The court addressed Amish families in Wisconsin. It said the state can't force families to send their children to public school. These parents did not have to continue sending their students beyond the eighth grade, which went against these families' religious beliefs. This case affirmed the rights of families to homeschool based on religious grounds.
3. People v. Levisen (1950): This case took place in the Illinois Supreme Court. The court acknowledged that parents could legally homeschool their children. Illinois had a compulsory attendance law. The court said that alternate situations could satisfy the law. An adequate education satisfies the law. This could be at public school, private school, or through private home instruction.

In recent years, power has shifted from the federal government to the states with education laws. All U.S. states have developed specific homeschooling statutes. They vary from state to state. Collectively, they establish homeschooling as a legitimate and lawful educational option. Millions of families across the nation use this option today.

Homeschooling Freedom and Religious Expression

The freedom to homeschool in the United States is tied to other fundamental freedoms. Particularly, it is most connected to the freedom of religion. Throughout American history, many parents have opted for homeschooling. They have done so to provide their children with an education that aligns with their religious beliefs and values. This is a significant expression of religious freedom. This option allows families to integrate their faiths into daily learning experiences.

Yet, homeschooling is subject to certain limitations and rules. These rules help ensure homeschooling programs meet the education needs of the child. Parents have the liberty to incorporate religious teachings into their homeschool curriculum. But, they must also adhere to the educational standards set by their states. These standards help ensure all children have access to a comprehensive, quality education.

Curriculum and Grade-Level Considerations

Homeschooling families have the freedom to choose their curricula and teaching methods. But, they must ensure their children get an education comparable to that in public schools. This includes covering math, science, social studies or civics, and English language arts. This helps ensure that each child progresses properly through each grade level. Some families follow curricula from homeschool programs, co-ops (cooperatives), or charter schools. Others design their own.

States often use standardized tests to assess the student's progress. In some cases, homeschoolers must take these achievement tests each year. Also, getting a high school diploma or a GED certificate is crucial for homeschoolers. This is especially true for students who seek enrollment in higher education.

Socialization and Extracurricular Activities

A common concern about homeschooling is the socialization of school-age children. In response, many homeschooling families take part in local co-ops, athletics, and other extracurricular activities. These cooperatives often provide opportunities for group learning and social interaction. They can also allow participation in activities like sports and arts. Public school districts usually offer them.

Some states allow homeschooled children to take part in athletics at their local public schools. This offers even more opportunities for social interaction. It enables engagement in school system activities and with public school students.

Why Homeschooling Laws Exist

The requirements outlined in homeschool laws exist for many reasons. They ensure that children in home education get a comprehensive and standard level of learning. This education should be like what they would receive in public schools. These regulations help balance the individualization of homeschooling with meeting educational standards. See FindLaw's FAQ on homeschooling alternatives for more detailed information on homeschooling.

The landscape of homeschooling in the United States has evolved significantly. Legal developments and societal changes guide this evolution. Understanding the history, legal framework, and current statutes of homeschooling is essential.

Getting Legal Help with Homeschooling

Navigating the complexities of homeschooling laws and regulations can be challenging. Families considering this option should consider seeking legal help. Legal professionals with experience in education law can provide valuable guidance. They can help you understand and follow homeschooling state laws. They can also help you submit any required legal documents and ensure your homeschool program meets all state education standards.

Consult an education law attorney in your area today.